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We analyze the taxation of top personal incomes in Germany on the basis of an integrated data file of individual tax returns and a general household survey for the years 1992 – 2002 which includes all taxpayers in the top percentile of the gross income distribution. We show that the distribution of the tax burden is highly concentrated, and that German income taxation has remained effectively p...

As a significant part of information security, Visual Cryptography (VC) is a secret sharing approach which has the advantage of effectively obscuring hints of original secret. In VC, a secret image is separated into partitions which are also known as VC shares. The secret is only able to be revealed by superimposing certain shares. Since Basic VC is in a structure which is similar to that of Br...

This study attempts to determine the impact that various income sources and different population categories in both urban and rural areas had on the overall level of income inequality in Turkey in 1994. Inequality is significantly higher in urban than in rural areas and this difference is mainly the consequence of differences in the Gini Index in both areas rather than being related to differen...

Search engines have become an increasingly important educational tool. By just typing a few keywords into a search engine text-box, finding information has become an easy exercise. However, some people cannot use search engines effectively for various reasons. Students may not know how to choose proper keywords. They may have difficulty in selecting relevant information from millions of search ...

Visual cryptography scheme is the concept of encrypting a secret image into n(more than one) shares. Rotation Visual Cryptography scheme (RVCS) allows four secret images to be encrypted into two shares. Using Human Visual System, again the four secret images can be easily recovered by placing the two shares on top of each other with different angles. In this paper proposes a Rotation Visual Cry...

How this statement should be interpreted? Clearly, it refers to income or total expenditure and budget shares for food (food share for short) for different households in a given population at a given period and not to changing (different) income of a given household. Food share is sometimes defined as consumption expenditures in current prices on food items divided by income but also by consump...

We show that the impact of globalization on growth and wages crucially depends on the labor market structures of the countries involved. We contrast bargaining and perfect competition. Under perfect capital markets, convergence of capital and income per capita always occurs despite di®erent labor market structures. However, di®erent labor market structures prevent convergence of the income shar...