Agriculture is the process of managing plant communities to obtain useful materials from the small set of species we call crops. Weeds comprise the “other” set of plant species found in agroecosystems. Although they are not intentionally sown, weed species are well adapted to environments dominated by humans and have been associated with crop production since the origins of agriculture (Harlan,...

A 2-year field study in Lexington, Ky., evaluated weed control efficacy and infl uence on yields of several organic mulches in two organically managed bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) production systems. Five weed control treatments [straw, compost, wood chips, undersown white dutch clover (Trifolium repens) “living mulch,” and the organically approved herbicide corn gluten] were applied to two pr...

Understanding the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on soybean-weed competition is essential for establishing a practical tool N application and weed management. A two-year field experiment was conducted in soybean located Bogatyrka (43.82° N, 131.6° E), Primorsky krai, Russia, to investigate multiple-weed interference (Glycine max) yield model these effects. Soybean loss caused by multiple we...

AUTOMATED precision weed spot spraying in the sugarcane industry has potential to increase production while reducing herbicide usage. However, commercially-available technologies based on sensing of weed optical properties are typically restricted to detecting weeds on a soil background (i.e. detection of green on brown) and are not suited to detecting weeds among a growing crop. Machine vision...

Information on weed distribution within the field is necessary to implement spatially variable herbicide application. Since hand labor is costly, an automated weed control system could be feasible. This paper deals with the development of an algorithm for real time specific weed recognition system based on Histogram Maxima with threshold of an image that is used for the weed classification. Thi...

This paper provides a non-technical summary of a framework for evaluating the transition impact (social returns) of any infrastructure investment that reduces transaction costs and thereby intensifies product market competition. The framework applies both to physical and institutional infrastructure. We show that infrastructure generates welfare gains by improving the ability of the market to w...

Ambrosia artemisiifolia is an invasive weed in Europe with highly allergenic pollen. Populations are currently well established and cause significant health problems in the French Rhône valley, Austria, Hungary and Croatia but transient or casual introduced populations are also found in more Northern and Eastern European countries. A process-based model of weed growth, competition and populatio...

Manure composting has gained increased acceptance by the beef cattle (Bos taurus) feedlot industry in southern Alberta, Canada. Unlike fresh manure, compost is often promoted as being "weed-free." Studies were conducted with five weed species in 1997 and thirteen in 1999 to examine the effect of feedlot manure composting on weed seed viability. Weed seeds were buried in open-air compost windrow...

experiment was conducted in 2011 to evaluate the efficacy of reduced herbicide rates in combination with false seedbed for selective weed control in common bean. the experiment was carried out with a completely randomized factorial design. factors were herbicide dose (post-emergence application of imazethapyr at the rates of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g a.i. ha-1) and seedbed preparation (false see...

Allelopathy and competition are components of plant-plant interactions, delimiting the level interference. Understanding this interaction has practical applications in agriculture. Crop cultivars possessing high allelopathic ability competitive traits themselves tools for sustainable weed management, enabling reduced use herbicides. Greenhouse field experiments were conducted to assess suppress...