Ducks on duty One of the many things wine aficionados look for is a sense place in what they’re drinking: terroir, sommelier’s parlance. It sets two Rieslings from different vineyards apart and arises all specifics how grapes are grown. The terroir at South Africa’s Vergenoegd Löw Wine Estate full ducks . Since 1984, vinters have kept flock hundreds Indian Runner ducks, which paddle through fie...

trumpet of praise, and his enemies tried to give him a parting kick. We have nothing unkind to say of Sir George. True, lie once insulted the Calcutta doctors grievously by insinuating that they made false returns of their earnings. He was taken to book promptly and sharply on this account at the time. He was able to show that he was misled by statistics and made a frank and generous amende. Th...

Mr P C Clifford, consultant in general and vascular surgery at Frenchay Hospital, Bristol died suddenly on 21st February 1989 aged 39. Peter Campbell Clifford was born in December 1949 in Ruislip, Middlesex and was educated at the Royal Masonic School in Bushey. He studied medicine at Bristol University graduating MB ChB in 1973. After house jobs at Frenchay and Southmead hospitals he was appoi...

1. Shellfish farming is an expanding segment of marine aquaculture, but environmental effects of this industry are only beginning to be considered. 2. The interaction between off-bottom, suspended oyster farming and wintering sea ducks in coastal British Columbia was studied. Specifically, the habitat use of surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) and Barrow’s goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica), t...

Baiyangdian (BYD) virus is a recently-identified mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes severe disease in ducks, with extremely rapid transmission, up to 15% mortality within 10 days and 90% reduction in egg production on duck farms within 5 days of infection. Because of the zoonotic nature of flaviviruses, the characterization of BYD virus and its epidemiology are important public health concer...

The prevalence of influenza A virus infection, and the distribution of different subtypes of the virus, were studied in 1529 ducks and 1213 gulls shot during ordinary hunting from August to December in two consecutive years, 2006 and 2007, in Norway. The study was based on molecular screening of cloacal and tracheal swabs, using a pan-influenza A RT-PCR. Samples found to be positive for influen...

In 1967, the first confirmed diagnosis of duck plague (DP) in the USA was made from pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) on commercial duck farms on Long Island, New York. Within 10 mo, DP was confirmed as the cause of death in migratory waterfowl on a Long Island bay. This paper reviews 120 DP epizootics reported from 1967 to 1995 that involved waterfowl species native to North America ...

The protective efficacy of a subunit avian influenza virus H5 vaccine based on recombinant baculovirus expressed H5 haemagglutinin antigen and an inactivated H5N2 avian influenza vaccine combined with a marker antigen (tetanus toxoid) was compared with commercially available inactivated H5N2 avian influenza vaccine in young ducks. Antibody responses, morbidity, mortality, and virus shedding wer...

In late 2014, a H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, clade 2.3.4.4, spread by migratory waterfowl into North America reassorting with low pathogenicity AI viruses to produce a H5N2 HPAI virus. Since domestic waterfowl are common backyard poultry frequently in contact with wild waterfowl, the infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity of the United States H5 HPAI index viru...