Background: Occurrence of congenital anomalies are less common in small ruminants, especially goats compared to sheep. Most cause for the deformities new born ruminants is due ingestion toxic plants during gestation. Congenital meningoencephalocoele with associated craniofacial a rare occurrence goats. Materials: A day old crossbred kid was presented cranial defects and protrusion brain through...

This Chapter studies the economic mechanism relating (i) growth and (ii) openness to trade. It investigates how openness to economic exchange influences total factor productivity (TFP) convergence across economies. This Chapter stands as the natural limit point of the sequence of findings reported in earlier Chapters. At the Conference, we had previously seen correlations and tabulations and di...

Graphical Abstract The greatest scientific advance of the next decade will be achieved through development new methods to address problems that can't answered with existing techniques … When I was a kid wanted scientist and my dream came true …” Find out more about Hongyi Xu in his Introducing Profile.