Explanation.................................................................................................... 203 Evaluation for acceptable daily intake .......................................................... 204 Biochemical aspects ................................................................................ 204 Absorption, distribution and excretion ......................................

objective(s):   this study aimed to address the gold nanoparticle(gnp)-dose and exposure duration effect on the kidney function of rats: in vivo.   materials and methods: a total of 32 healthy male wistar rats were used in this study. animals were randomly divided into groups, three gnp-treated groups and control group. group 1, 2 and 3 received. /5 cc of solution containing 5, 10,100 ppm au vi...

the present study was aimed at elucidating the protective effect of ferulic acid (fa), a natural polyphenol against nicotine-induced tissue damage, including lung, liver and kidney of experimental rats. female albino rats of wistar stain were used for the experimental study. lung toxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (5 days a week, for 22...

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was assessed for systemic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), developmental immunotoxicity (DIT), and endocrine toxicity. CD rats (27/sex/dose) were exposed to 0, 100, 300, 600 (female), or 800 (male) ppm 2,4-D in diet. Nonlinear toxicokinetic behavior was shown at high doses; the renal clearance saturation threshold for 2,4...

Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has been widely used in industry and medicine. However, the safety of nano-TiO2 exposure remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the liver, brain, and embryo toxicity and the underlying mechanism of nano-TiO2 using mice models. The results showed that titanium was distributed to and accumulated in the heart, brain, spleen, lung, and kidney of mice aft...

: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are being utilized in various fields. With regard to their numerous applications, MWCNT-induced toxicity has not been extensively investigated. Thus, the present study sheds light on protective effect of caffeic acid (CA) mitochondrial kidney caused by MWCNTs Wistar rats employing MTT assay as well reactive oxygen species (ROS) indices, based measuring g...

Introduction: This study evaluated the effects of pretreatments with melatonin (MT), and Alpha Lipoic acid (ALA) on lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) -induced serum levels of creatinine (Cr), urea (U), uric acid (Ua) and kidney levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in male albino rats. Effects of treatments with MT and ALA were also evaluate...

the acute and sub-acute toxicity of safranal were studied in rat and mice within 2 and 21 days after exposure, respectively. for subacute toxicity, changes in weight as well as biochemical, hematological and pathological parameters were studied. the intraperitoneal ld50 values of safranal were 1.48 ml/kg in male mice, 1.88 ml/kg in female mice and 1.50 ml/kg in male rats. oral ld50 values were ...

Gasoline blending stocks (naphthas) are comprised of normal, iso- and cycloparaffins and aromatic hydrocarbons with carbon numbers ranging from C4 to C12. Heavy straight run naphtha (HSRN, CAS number 64741-41-9) was selected for toxicity screening because substances of this type contain relatively high levels (28%) of cycloparaffins by comparison to other naphtha streams and the data complement...

Purpose: To determine, in Sprague Dawley rats, the toxicity profile of the methanol extract of Mentha spicata, a plant used in folklore medicine for the treatment of various forms of pain. Methods: The plant extract, at concentrations ranging from 100 0.07 mg/ml, was used to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) based on brine shrimp lethality assay. Artificial sea water served as co...