reports from the health center of kerman province, southern iran showed an increasing of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in orzuieh rural district, southwest of the province in 2003. the report encouraged the team to carry out an epidemi ological survey in the district during 2003-2004. the objectives were to determine the ecology of sand flies, potential reser voir hosts and human infection. a t...

a list of 20 species of the subfamily tephritinae (diptera: tephritidae) from the urmia region (azarbaijan-e gharbi province, iran) is presented. the specimens were collected during 2005-2008 from six different localities. adults were obtained from overwintering and mature seed heads of 17 plant species of asteraceae. the species, urophora xanthippe (munro, 1934) is newly recorded for the fauna...

a faunistic list of syrphidae sampled in the agroecosystems of neyshabur (khorasan-razavi province) through malaise, yellow water traps and hand net is hereby presented for the first time. a total of 22 species were collected, including 13 species through malaise trap, 5 through yellow water trap as well as representatives of all species sampled through hand net. among the species collected, 8 ...

background: in turkey, vector control programs are mainly based on indoor residual spraying with pyre­throids against mosquitoes. no special control program is available for sand flies. most insecticide susceptibil­ity tests were done for mosquitoes but not for sand flies. we therefore aimed to determine the insecticide susceptibility against two commonly used insecticides; deltamethrin and per...

Insects such as stable flies, house flies, horn flies, face flies, mosquitoes, horse flies, deer flies, cattle grubs, and lice as well as ticks and mites are the major external parasites of dairy animals in the United States. These pests cause obvious discomfort to livestock and economic effects of heavy populations usually are discerned easily. However, research efforts to date have failed to ...

Abstract Background Fluoride may induce oxidative stress and apoptosis. It also lead to neurobehavioural defects including neuromuscular damage. The present study aimed explore the effects of sub lethal concentrations sodium fluoride (NaF) on lifespan climbing ability Drosophila melanogaster. In total, 0.6 mg/L 0.8 NaF were selected as sublethal for study. Lifespan was measured activity assay p...