Finding one major hepatotropic virus may not be enough to identify the aetiology of liver disease when risk factors are present, particularly in patients with past or present infection with other viral agents, or chronic liver disease. The pathogenic process in these cases is often complex. In the five cases we report, acute hepatitis (initiated by halothane, cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr vir...

It was particularly affecting to be invited to give the Owen J. Roberts lecture at this law school, of which my father-in-law, Chief Justice Horace Stern of Pennsylvania, was a distinguished graduate, a part-time teacher and a long-time trustee. The honor accorded me is even greater in that this is the hundredth anniversary of Justice Roberts' birth. Although I did not have the good fortune to ...

We present a refinement, suggested by Jensen and Milner under the term kind, of pure bigraphs. We name the result kind bigraphs. This refinement generalises the notion of atomic and non-atomic controls, allowing a control to contain a subset of the set of controls. We show that this variation has relative pushouts and classify its idem pushouts. A canonical labelled transition system can be der...

humans) offers an alternative source. Some pig organs have similar size and function to those of humans. The challenge is that the pig genome harbors porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) that can potentially pass to humans with possibly damaging consequences. Niu et al. generated pigs in which all copies of PERVs were inactivated by CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering (see the Perspective by Denn...

How transparent should a central bank be about (i) its objectives and (ii) its information on how monetary policy maps into economic outcomes? We consider a version of the Barro-Gordon framework in which monetary policy signals an inflation-biased Bank’s private information on both dimensions. We find that a commitment to transparency about how policy affects outcomes is desirable while transpa...