In the winter, 2004 issue of AI magazine, we reported Vulcan Inc.’s first step toward creating a questionanswering system called “Digital Aristotle.” The goal of that first step was to assess the state of the art in applied knowledge representation and reasoning (KR&R) by asking AI experts to represent 70 pages from the advanced placement (AP) chemistry syllabus and to deliver knowledge-based s...

This paper introduces KOSO, an ontology which aims at structuring expert knowledge about different types of knowledge organization systems (KOS) and at providing an organized access to already existing knowledge models. The classification and detailed description of such KOS will be enabled by the ontology. Furthermore, existing cross-concordances and interrelations between different KOS will b...

Sustainability requires emphasizing the importance of environmental causes and effects among design knowledge from heterogeneous stakeholders to make a sustainable decision. Recently, such causes and effects have been well developed in ontological representation, which has been challenged to generate and integrate multiple domain knowledge due to its domain specific characteristics. Moreover, i...

In ntost current applications of belief networks, domain knowledge is represented by a single belief network that applies to all problem instances in the domain. In more complex domains, problem-specific models must be constructed from a knowledge base encoding probabilistic relationships in the domain. Most work in knowledge-based model construction takes the rule as the basic unit of knowledg...

A significant obstacle to the development of intelligent natural language processing systems is the lack of rich knowledge bases containing representations of world knowledge. For experimental systems it is common practice to construct small knowledge bases by hand; however, this approach does not scale well to large systems. An alternative is to attempt to extract the desired information from ...

Using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) for knowledge representation in the legal domain is very promising but has some limitations. The language is complex thus hard to comprehend, still decidability results in a limited expressiveness which may introduce serious problems in modelling. An aspect of limited expressiveness is the tree-model property of OWL, which can be overcome using rule formali...

Intelligent Tutoring Systems require three different kinds of knowledge: the domain to be taught, techniques of teaching, and characteristics of the student. As such it is worth considering the extent to which knowledge acquisition techniques for conventional expert systems can be applied, and in particular those which aim to semi-automate the process. This paper considers some of the special f...

language teacher assessment, like many aspects of second language teacher education, is changing. to understand factors that are driving the change, such as work of teaching generally, language teaching in particular, and the role of teachers’ knowledge in teaching, this study examined language teacher assessment schemes across the globe. the aim was to arrive at a set of shared beliefs, attitu...

Enabling Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to formulate knowledge without the intervention of Knowledge Engineers (KEs) requires providing SMEs with methods and tools that abstract the underlying knowledge representation, allowing SMEs to focus on the modeling activities. However, automatically bridging the gap between SME-authored models and their internal representation is not an easy task, espec...

The paper analyses the application of DATR language for lexical knowledge presentation for interpreting Bulgarian inflectional morphology. It discuss the semantic network of the feature of definiteness in Bulgarian language and compares the lexical knowledge representation for the different part-of-speech with respect to the defined grammar rules, the sound alternations, the related formal pres...