Specific statistical tests are used when the null hypothesis (H0) is to be tested using nonparametric nominal or ordinal data. With nominal data, experimental results are expressed by proportions or frequencies. Chi-square or related tests (the Fisher's exact test or the rows by columns test) are appropriate for testing H0 with nominal data. Ordinal data permit arrangement of statistical result...

We propose two new multilinear operators for expressing the matrix compositions that are needed in the Tucker and PARAFAC (CANDECOMP) decompositions. The first operator, which we call the Tucker operator, is shorthand for performing an n-mode matrix multiplication for every mode of a given tensor and can be employed to consisely express the Tucker decomposition. The second operator, which we ca...

This prospective, randomized study compared postoperative pain scores, morphine consumption and length of stay in 95 adults who underwent elective lumbar spine surgery via a posterior incision. Immediately prior to closure the wound was irrigated with triamcinolone 40, 20 or 0 mg. Visual analogue scale pain scores at 24 h after surgery were median 12 (interquartile range 3-24), 15 (6-34) and 33...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the interference of age in the entrance into a public dental care program for infants as well as family behavioral aspects about tooth decay experience in children 0 to 4 years old. METHODS Cross-sectional study involving 465 children who were divided into 3 groups: infants whose mothers joined the program during pregnancy (n=50); infants enrolled in the program during th...

Asthma is considered as one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. As a result of serious physical, social, and psychological complications, asthma can reduce health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The present study was designed to assess the HRQoL including physical health, general health perception, emotional health, psychological health, and social functioning of asthmatic patien...

OBJECTIVES Addition of chlorhexidine has enhanced the antimicrobial effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) indicated to Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART); however, the impact of this mixture on the properties of these materials and on the longevity of restorations must be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating chlorhexidine (CHX) in the in vitro biol...

Abstract. Successful applications of the Kruskal-Segur approach to interfacial pattern formation have remained limited due to the necessity of an integral formulation of the problem. This excludes nonlinear bulk equations, rendering convection intractable. Combining the method with Zauderer’s asymptotic decomposition scheme, we are able to strongly extend its scope of applicability and solve se...

In hierarchical-design experiments researchers need to test for nested effects, but sometimes parametric assumptions are violated. We show that the Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) rank test can be extended to test for such effects. Let B = b1 . . . bh be the tested effect, and A = a1 . . . ag be the effect immediately above it in the hierarchy. If one calculates separate K-W statistics for the effect B at...

The goal of this paper is to provide linear or quasi-linear algorithms for producing some of the various trees used in mathemetical morphology, in particular the trees corresponding to hierarchies of watershed cuts and hierarchies of constrained connectivity. A specific binary tree, corresponding to an ordered version of the edges of the minimum spanning tree, is the key structure in this study...