RNase L and Ire1p are members of a superfamily of regulated endoribonucleases that play essential roles in mediating diverse types of cellular stress responses. 2'-5' oligoadenylates, produced in response to interferon treatment and viral double-stranded RNA, are necessary to activate RNase L. In contrast, unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum activate Ire1p, a transmembrane serine/thr...

BACKGROUND Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are large multidomain proteins that catalyze the formation of a wide range of biologically active natural products. These megasynthetases contain condensation (C) domains that catalyze peptide bond formation and chain elongation. The natural substrates for C domains are biosynthetic intermediates that are covalently tethered to thiolation (T) ...

The adhesiveness of integrins is regulated through a process termed "inside-out" signaling. To understand the molecular mechanism of integrin inside-out signaling, we generated K562 stable cell lines that expressed LFA-1 (alpha(L)beta(2)) or Mac-1 (alpha(M)beta(2)) with mutations in the cytoplasmic domain. Complete truncation of the beta(2) cytoplasmic domain, but not a truncation that retained...

Nonsegmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA viruses initiate infection by delivering into the host cell a highly specialized RNA synthesis machine comprising the genomic RNA completely encapsidated by the viral nucleocapsid protein and associated with the viral polymerase. The catalytic core of this protein-RNA complex is a 250-kDa multifunctional large (L) polymerase protein that contains enzymatic...

In this paper, a new adaptive step-size discrete power control scheme is proposed, based on the review of practical power control schemes implemented in the IS-95, CDMA2000 and WCDMA wireless systems, and the power control algorithms proposed in literature. The transmit power is controlled in discrete power domain while using the idea of the most popular power control algorithm (e.g. DCPC) in p...

valuations on a topological space X are functions that map open sets to 0, 1, or one value in between. We deene a space of abstract valuations which for a continuous dcpo X is homeomorphic to the Plotkin power domain of X, and for a Hausdorr space X yields the Vietoris hyperspace of X. Thus we obtain a novel concrete representation of the Plotkin power domain. This representation is more simila...

The integrin alpha L beta 2 (leukocyte function-associated molecule 1, CD11a/CD18) mediates activation-dependent adhesion of leukocytes. The cytoplasmic domains of alpha L beta 2 have been demonstrated to modulate adhesiveness of alpha L beta 2. Affinity changes of alpha L beta 2 for its ligand or postreceptor events can be responsible for this modulation of adhesiveness. To investigate the pos...

We consider Steklov eigenvalues of three-dimensional, nearly-spherical domains. In previous work, we have shown that the are analytic functions domain perturbation parameter. Here, compute first-order term asymptotic expansion, which can explicitly be written in terms Wigner 3-jsymbols. analyze expansion and prove isoperimetric result that, if l is a square integer, volume-normalized l-th eigen...

Consider the stationary Boltzmann equation in 2D convex domains with diffusive boundary condition. In this paper, we establish hydrodynamic limits while layers are present, and derive steady Navier-Stokes-Fourier system non-slip conditions. Our contribution focuses on novel weighted $W^{1,\infty}$ estimates for Milne problem geometric correction. Also, develop stronger remainder based an $L^{2m...

In this work, we study the global existence of solutions reaction-diffusion systems with control mass on multiple domains. Some these domains overlap, and as a result, an unknown defined one subdomain can impact another different domain that intersects first. The question addressed is related to long standing for quasi-positive reaction vector fields dissipate mass, in setting single bounded sp...