In previous studies, plasma glutamate concentration was lower when equivalent doses of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) were given with a ready-to-feed liquid formula meal (Sustagen; 0.4 g protein, 1.1 g carbohydrate, 0.06 g fat, 6.6 kcal energy/kg body weight) rather than in water. This difference was suggested to reflect a carbohydrate effect on mucosal cell glutamate metabolism. To test this hyp...

We have demonstrated that addition of L-glutamate in millimolar amounts to a culture of C6 glioma cells induced cell death within 24 h. The glutamate-induced toxicity in the C6 glioma cells was completely suppressed by adding L-cystine (0.4-1.0 mM), while the C6 cells degenerated in L-cystine-deprived culture medium. Kinetic studies of [35S]cystine and [3H]glutamate uptake showed that cystine c...

The virulence of yersiniae is promoted in part by shared approximately 70-kb plasmids (pCD in Yersinia pestis and pYV in enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica) that mediate a low-calcium response. This phenotype is characterized at 37 degrees C by either bacteriostasis in Ca(2+)-deficient medium with expression of pCD/pYV-encoded virulence effectors (Yops and ...

Glutamate synthase, isolated in apparently homogeneous form (Mr approximately 265,000) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 7500-fold purification, is markedly inhibited by homocysteine sulfonamide. Inhibitions competitive with respect to L-glutamine; the apparent Ki value calculated for L-homocysteine sulfonamide is 3.6 microM; the apparent Km value for L-glutamine is 280 microM. The very high ...

UNLABELLED ARALAR/AGC1/Slc25a12, the aspartate-glutamate carrier from brain mitochondria, is the regulatory step in the malate-aspartate NADH shuttle, MAS. MAS is used to oxidize cytosolic NADH in mitochondria, a process required to maintain oxidative glucose utilization. The role of ARALAR was analyzed in two paradigms of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cortical neurons: glucose deprivatio...

Abstract Background Brain metastases (BM) are the most frequent neoplasm in central nervous system (CNS) and primary tumors frequently involved melanoma, lung cancer breast cancer. CNS localisation is associated with poor prognosis, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) represents a treatment option for patients good performance status. Glutamate (Glu) neurotransmitter which plays facilitating role c...

Dihydrokainate, a glutamate transporter inhibitor, was previously found to be a useful modulator of antitumor activity of doxorubicin (DOX). Dihydrokainate prevented an efflux of DOX by inhibiting the uptake of glutamate by tumor cells. We examined the potential of glutamate transporter inhibitors as modulators of DOX activity. We observed a significant reduction in the uptake of glutamate by o...

Cell-free protein synthesis provides rapid and economical access to selectively 15N-labelled proteins, greatly facilitating the assignment of 15N-HSQC spectra. While the best yields are usually obtained with buffers containing high concentrations of potassium L-glutamate, preparation of selectively 15N-Glu labelled samples requires non-standard conditions. Among many compounds tested to replace...

We previously synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] in recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum, a prominent producer of amino acids. In this study, a two-step cultivation was established for the dual production of glutamate and P(3HB) due to the differences in the optimal concentration of biotin. Glutamate was extracellularly produced first under the biotin-limited condition of 0.3 microg...