OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in the frequency of osteoporosis according to the skeletal site evaluated in a group of Spanish postmenopausal women. METHODS We reviewed the data of 987 postmenopausal women (mean age, 53.8±5.5 years). BMD status was evaluated by DXA. We used the WHO thresholds to classify the patients. T-score was obtained from the single evaluation of each lumbar verteb...

The cadaver spine motion segment behavior under torsional load was evaluated with the disc intact, with partial anterior discectomy and with spacer insertion. The results of this study explain how anterior lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion (ALIF) affects the torsional stability of the motion segment. The pseudarthrosis rate of the anterior lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion (ALIF)...

Bilateral locked facets at L4-5 without facet fracture is a rarely known disease. We present a case of a 37-year-old male patient diagnosed as traumatic L4-5 bilateral facets dislocation without facet fracture. We carried out open reduction, epidural hematoma removal, posterior interbody fusion. After surgery, we attained rapid improvement of the neurologic deficits and competent stabilization.

Object: Previous reports have indicated that the level of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) often differs from that diagnosed from neurological symptoms, and L5 nerve roots are often affected by stenosis at the L2–L3 or L3–L4 level; however, few cases have been described. Decompression surgery for upper lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) of L2–L3 and L3–L4 causing L5 and S1 symptoms was inve...

The treatment of degenerative discogenic pain is controversial, and anterior lumbar fusion for the treatment of degenerative discogenic low back pain has also been a controversial topic for over a generation.The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the outcome of different anterior lumbar fusion levels for degenerative discogenic low back pain.In this study, we performed a clinical out...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between facet tropism and spinal degenerative diseases, such as degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, degenerative lumbar scoliosis, and lumbar disc herniation. METHODS This study retrospectively analysed clinical data from the Department of Orthopaedics at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Ninety-two pat...

BACKGROUND DATA Minimizing fluoroscopy time in spine interventions is critical for time of procedure as well as radiation safety of the patient and medical personnel. Specific fluoroscopy angle settings for fluoroscopically guided L4-S1 transforaminal epidural injections (TFEIs) have not been described. OBJECTIVES To describe the most common encountered settings for the C-arm fluoroscope angl...

Levelt's four propositions (L1-L4), which characterize the relation between changes in "stimulus strength" in the two eyes and percept alternations, are considered benchmark for binocular rivalry models. It was recently demonstrated that adaptation mutual-inhibition models of binocular rivalry capture L4 only in a limited range of input strengths, predicting an increase rather than a decrease i...

Morphogenetic potentials involved in head formation were examined in a hydra strain (L4) which has a very low budding rate and a large polyp size, and the results were compared to those of the normal strain (105). Hydra tissue has two types of antagonistic morphogenetic potentials which are thought to play important roles in head structure formation: the head-activation potential and the head-i...