Growth of Hemophilus parainjluenzae requires the formation of an electron transport system consisting of six cytochrome components (1). As a compensatory mechanism for changing environment, this bacterium can modify the cytochrome oxidase composition and the proportions of the cytochromes during conditions where there is no cell division (2). The intact bacterium has remarkable permeability to ...

The demonstration that oxidation-reduction reactions mediated by the pyridine nucleotide coenzymes occur with the transfer of hydrogen between substrate and coenzyme (1) has led to the use of hydrogen isotopes to measure the occurrence of the specific coupling of reactions in the intact cell and organism (2-4). Several problems associated with the cellular organization and integration of the fe...

Because of the strongly exergonic nature of glycolysis, the formation of carbohydrate from lactate and pyruvate does not proceed readily by direct reversal of the Embden-MeyerhofCori pathway (1). Additional energy for glycogen synthesis may be supplied at three separate steps: by hydrolysis of a sugar phosphate at the step fructose diphosphate + fructose 6-phosphate; by the utilization of uridi...

Carbicarb is a mixture of Na2CO3/NaHCO3 that buffers similarly to NaHCO3, but without net generation of CO2. We studied the effects of carbicarb in an animal preparation of hypoxic lactic acidosis (HLA). HLA was induced by ventilating dogs with an hypoxic gas mixture (8% 02/92% N2). Dogs with HLA (n = 28) were then treated with 2.5 meq/kg of either NaHCO3 or carbicarb over 1 hr. Measurements we...

VanDemark, P. J. (University of South Dakota, Vermillion), and P. F. Smith. Respiratory pathways in the Mycoplasma. II. Pathway of electron transport during oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by Mycoplasma hominis. J. Bacteriol. 88:122-129. 1964.-Unlike the flavin-terminated respiratory pathway of the fermentative Mycoplasma, the respiratory chain of the nonfermentative M. h...

HMRS is a useful non-invasive technique that has been used for years to aid in the early diagnosis of brain lesions, and for treatment planning. However, there is a lack of evidence in the literature of the expansion of MRS to a HFO system. Since some patients cannot undergo closed bore MRI due to claustrophobia, and body habitus development of MRS to a HFO system is a necessary step to allow a...

of results (averages). R.P. R.P.+V. L. L.+V. Initial 2 hours 2 hours Diff. 1 hour 1 hour Diff. Residual. Normal (1) 1 18 Avitaminous (5) 1-17 2-12 1-69 0*43 Lactate. Normal (6) 0-92 2-32 Avitaminous (11) 6-48 4-89 1.59 L. +Fl. L. L.+V. L.+Fl. +V. L.+ L.+GI. 2 hours 2 hours Diff. 2 hours 2 hours Diff. lodo. L. + G. +Iodo. Lactate. Normal (6) 3-33 3-19 7-72 3-18 5-67 Avitaminous (11) 9-28 5-58 3 ...

THE USE of cardiopulmonary bypass has enabled the delivery complex cardiovascular surgical procedures. Cardiopulmonary (CPB), at its best, involves a highly technical process that is executed carefully through interaction among surgeon, an anesthesiologist, and perfusionist. More than decade ago, early practice was to review literature summarize best practices based on published evidence began ...

MELAS syndrome (MIM ID#540000), an acronym for Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes, is a genetically heterogeneous mitochondrial disorder with protean manifestations and occasional kidney involvement. Interest in the latter is rising due to the identification of cases with predominant kidney involvement and to the hypothesis of a link between mitochondrial DNA...

Propylene glycol (PG) is used as a solvent in numerous medications, including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and lorazepam, and is metabolized in the liver to lactic acid. Cases of lactic acidosis related to PG toxicity have been described and always involved large doses of benzodiazepines and PG. We present the first case of severe lactic acidosis after a 3-day course of TMP/SMX alone...