A new gene (POLL), has been identified encoding the novel DNA polymerase lambda and mapped to mouse chromosome 19 and at human chromosome 10. DNA polymerase lambda contains all the critical residues involved in DNA binding, nucleotide binding, nucleotide selection, and catalysis of DNA polymerization and has been assigned to family X based on sequence homology with polymerase beta, lambda, mu, ...

Radiation-induced white matter (WM) damage is a major side effect of whole brain irradiation among childhood cancer survivors. We evaluate longitudinally the diffusion characteristics of the late radiation-induced WM damage in a rat model after 25 and 30 Gy irradiation to the hemibrain at 8 time points from 2 to 48 weeks postradiation. We hypothesize that diffusion tensor magnetic resonance ima...

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in precursor B (pre-B) cell receptor signaling. Here we demonstrate that Btk-deficient mice have an approximately 50% reduction in the frequency of immunoglobulin (Ig) lambda light chain expression, already at the immature B cell stage in the bone marrow. Conversely, transgenic mice expressing the activated mutant Btk(E41K...

We introduce new formulations of aperiodicity and cofinality for finitely aligned higher-rank graphs $\Lambda$, and prove that $C^*(\Lambda)$ is simple if and only if $\Lambda$ is aperiodic and cofinal. The main advantage of our versions of aperiodicity and cofinality over existing ones is that ours are stated in terms of finite paths. To prove our main result, we first characterise each of ape...

The algebraic lambda calculus (λalg) and the linear algebraic lambda calculus (λlin) are two extensions of the classical lambda calculus with linear combinations of terms. They arise independently in distinct contexts: the former is a fragment of the differential lambda calculus, the latter is a candidate lambda calculus for quantum computation. They differ in the handling of application argume...

We study superdevelopments in the weak lambda calculus of Çaǧman and Hindley, a confluent variant of the standard weak lambda calculus in which reduction below lambdas is forbidden. In contrast to developments, a superdevelopment from a term M allows not only residuals of redexes in M to be reduced but also some newly created ones. In the lambda calculus there are three ways new redexes may be ...

Describing harmonic generation (HG) in terms of a system's complex quasienergy, the harmonic power P_{DeltaE}(lambda) (over a fixed interval, DeltaE, of harmonic energies) is shown to reproduce the wavelength scaling predicted recently by two groups of authors based on solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation: P_{DeltaE}(lambda) approximately lambda;{-x}, where x approximately 5-6. ...

Lambda words are sequences obtained by encoding the differences between ordered elements of the form i + jθ, where i and j are non-negative integers and 1 < θ < 2. Lambda words are right-infinite words defined over an infinite alphabet that have connections with Sturmian words, Christoffel words, and interspersion arrays. We show that Lambda words are infinite rich words. Furthermore, any Lambd...

Based on experiments and 3D simulations, we show that a soft elastic film during adhesion and debonding from a rigid flat surface undergoes morphological transitions to pillars, labyrinths, and cavities, all of which have the same lateral pattern length scale, lambda close to lambda/H approximately 3 for thick films, H > 1 microm . The linear stability analysis and experiments show a new thin f...