The concepts of MIMO MC-CDMA are not new but the new technologies to improve their functioning are an emerging area of research. In general, most mobile communication systems transmit bits of information in the radio space to the receiver. The radio channels in mobile radio systems are usually multipath fading channels, which cause inter-symbol interference (ISI) in the received signal. To remo...

Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) transmission technique, in which both transmitter and receiver are equipped with multiple antennas, is attracting attention due to its many advantages such as its throughput improvement. For this reason, various cellular mobile radio systems based on MIMO have been developed such as 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) [1] and Mobile WiMAX [2]. MIMO technique is also a...

Technological advancement in mobile telephony from 1G to 3G, 4G and 5G has a very axiomatic fact that made an entire world a global village. The cellular system employs a different design approach and technology that most commercial radio and television system use. In the cellular system, the service area is divided into cells and a transmitter is designed to serve an individual cell. The syste...

Non-Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (NLMMSE) estimators have seldom been used in practice because of the intrinsic analytic difficulties that arise in their development. However, it has been recently shown [7] that the A Posteriori Probabilities (APPs) of the states of the ISI channel can be efficiently used to generate NL-MMSE filtered and fixed-lag smoothed estimates of the transmitted symbo...

Radiofrequency (RF) waves have long been used for different types of information exchange via the air waves--wireless Morse code, radio, television, and wireless telephone (i.e., construction and operation of telephones or telephone systems). Increasingly larger numbers of people rely on mobile telephone technology, and health concerns about the associated RF exposure have been raised, particul...