A graph G = (V, E) is called a pairwise compatibility graph (PCG) if there exists a tree T , a positive edge-weight function w on T , and two non-negative real numbers dmin and dmax, dmin ≤ dmax, such that V coincides with the set of leaves of T , and there is an edge (u, v) ∈ E if and only if dmin ≤ dT,w(u, v) ≤ dmax where dT,w(u, v) is the sum of the weights of the edges on the unique path fr...

Inventories of past and present land cover changes form the basis for future conservation strategies and landscape management. In this study Landsat images of a mountainous area in Mexico are used in an objectbased and pixel-based image classification. The land cover categories with the highest individual classification accuracies determined with these two methods are extracted and merged into ...

Some of Earth’s greatest relief occurs where glacial processes act on mountain topography1,2. This dramatic landscape is thought to be an imprint of Pleistocene glaciations3,4. However, whether the net effect of glacial erosion on mountains is to increase5–7 or decrease8–10 relief remains disputed. It has been suggested that in the European Alps, the onset of widespread glaciation since the mid...

We improved the CASA model based on differences in the types of land use, the values of the maximum light use efficiency, and the calculation methods of solar radiation. Then, the parameters of the model were examined and recombined into 16 cases. We estimated the net primary productivity (NPP) using the NDVI3g dataset, meteorological data, and vegetation classification data from the Greater Kh...

For over 16 years, the Precipitation Radar of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite detected the three-dimensional structure of significantly precipitating clouds in the tropics and subtropics. This paper reviews and synthesizes studies using the TRMM radar data to present a global picture of the variation of convection throughout low latitudes. The multiyear data set shows c...

Secondary forest succession on abandoned agricultural land has played a significant role in land cover changes in Europe over the past several decades. However, it is difficult to quantify over large areas. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework for mapping forest succession patterns using vegetation structure information derived from LiDAR data supported by national topographic vecto...

Land cover types of Hustai National Park (HNP) in Mongolia, a hotspot area with rare species, were classified and their temporal changes were evaluated using Landsat MSS TM/ETM data between 1994 and 2000. Maximum-likelihood classification analysis showed an overall accuracy of 88.0% and 85.0% for the 1994 and 2000 images, respectively. Kappa coefficients associated with the classification were ...

he Cruise Missile Defense Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration, known as Mountain Top, was successfully completed at Kauai, Hawaii, during January and February 1996. The demonstration featured a new type of cooperative engagement known as “forward pass,” made possible by the Cooperative Engagement Capability, in which low-flying drones were engaged beyond the horizon of an Aegis ship for g...