This paper was prepared under contract with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The positions and opinions presented are those of the authors alone and are not intended to represent the views of FAO. This study highlights lessons from recent policy, law and practice to improve and secure access to rural land for poorer groups. It focuses on Africa, Latin America a...

nowadays, environmental impact assessment (eia) is a one of planning tool that used for the prediction of environmental impacts. there are several methods to assess environmental impacts in the world. degradation model is one of the mathematics models that investigates and predicts data for assessing the impact of development. degradation model consist degradation coefficient per ecology unit, ...

Abstract Context For many organisms, responses to climate change (CC) will be affected by land-use and land-cover changes (LULCC). However, the extent which LULCC is concurrently considered in vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) unclear. Objectives We identify trends inclusion of CC species direction magnitude their combined effect on biodiversity. Further, we examine size driving “currencies” re...

Global climate change, especially the phenomena of global warming, is expected to increase the intensity of land-falling hurricanes. Societal adaptation is needed to reduce vulnerability from increasingly intense hurricanes. This study quantifies the adaptation effects of potentially policy driven caps on housing densities and agricultural cover in coastal (and adjacent inland) areas vulnerable...

The rush for land acquisition—primarily driven by food shortages, food price volatility, and the run for agrofuel—has drawn considerable attention, as documented by reports published in late 2009, 2010, and 2011. Terminological differences aside, it is—quite distinct from material or service outsourcing—a kind of off-shoring farm production across borders to relatively land-abundant nations and...

This work aims to parameterize the urban structure types (UST) in Santiago de Chile on statistical block level. In connotation of remote sensing UST are defined as land-use structure entities. Central input data for this object-oriented approach is spatially very high resolution panfused and atmospherically corrected Quickbird data. To analyse and assess the structural properties of urban landc...

In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) returning from the ocean to spawn in urban basins of the Puget Sound region have been prematurely dying at high rates (up to 90% of the total runs) for more than a decade. The current weight of evidence indicates that coho deaths are caused by toxic chemical contaminants in land-based runoff to urban streams...

Every year, malaria claims over a million lives around the globe. From which Ethiopia is a predominantly malaria prone country like most of sub Saharan African countries with about 75% of the landscape being favorable for the breeding of malaria vector and putting over 50 million people at risk. Attempts have been made to control the disease by eliminating the parasite. However, unknown spatial...

In the US Corn Belt, a recent doubling in commodity prices has created incentives for landowners to convert grassland to corn and soybean cropping. Here, we use land cover data from the National Agricultural Statistics Service Cropland Data Layer to assess grassland conversion from 2006 to 2011 in the Western Corn Belt (WCB): five states including North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota...

In the tropics, domestic water supply depends principally on ecosystem services, including regulation and purification of by humid, dense tropical forests. The Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (YBR) landscape is situated within such forests in Democratic Republic Congo (DRC). Surprisingly, given its proximity to River, YBR confronted with issues. As part function, expected reduce deterioration qualit...