Abstract. Hysteresis diagrams of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) under freshwater forcing from climate models intermediate complexity are fitted to a simple model based on Langevin equation. A total six parameters sufficient quantitatively describe collapses seen in these simulations. Reversing results asymmetric behaviour that is less well captured and appears require mo...

We present a technique to resolve the rare event problem for a Langevin equation describing a system with thermally activated transitions. A transition event within a given time interval (0,t(f)) can be described by a transition path that has an activation part during (0,t(M)) and a deactivation part during (t(M),t(f))(0<t(M)<t(f)). The activation path is governed by a Langevin equation with ne...

We develop a new Lagrangian primitive, named Langevin particle, to incorporate turbulent flow details in fluid simulation. A group of the particles are distributed inside the simulation domain based on a turbulence energy model with turbulence viscosity. A particle in particular moves obeying the generalized Langevin equation, a well known stochastic differential equation that describes the par...