In order to study the modifying effects of functional appliances on the mechanical environment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), we characterised the structure of the mandibular condyle subsequent to an experimental functional appliance intervention. Eight, four-month-old, castrated male Merino sheep, were randomly allocated to experimental and control groups (n = 4 in each group). Forward ...

In the thigh, muscle tears are uncommon amongst joggers, but muscle sheath tears with herniation are frequent, but insignificant. In the hip, trochanteric bursitis is very common. Avulsion fractures of the hamstring origin have been seen in young runners, as have avulsions of the sartorius origin. Osteoarthrosis of the hip joint is not infrequent among older joggers. Even after hip replacement,...

Twenty three children with fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus were analyzed. In 20 cases surgery was performed 0 to 8 days after injury. The 3 delayed cases were operated because of one nonunion, one pseudoarthrosis, and one displaced union. All cases which underwent early surgical had a very good outcome with a follow-up observation period ranging from 8 months to 7 years. On long...

We report a very rare case of atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) with persistent first intersegmental artery (PFIA) and assimilation in the atlas (C1) vertebra. This case demonstrates the difficulty of deciding on a surgical strategy for complex anomalies. A 63-year-old man presented with gait disturbance, neck pain, and severe dysesthesia in his left arm. Past history included a whiplash injury. D...

We describe the surgical approach that we have used over the last years for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, highlighting the importance of arthroscopic viewing through the anteromedial portal (AMP) and femoral tunnel drilling through an accessory anteromedial portal (AMP). The AMP allows direct view of the ACL femoral insertion site on the medial aspect of the lateral femoral c...

This case report highlights an unusual cause of anterolateral knee pain. The popliteus muscle arises from three origins--that is, the lateral femoral condyle, the fibula head, and the lateral meniscus--and inserts into the proximal tibia above the soleal line. It may be subjected to a number of pathologies including tenosynovitis, acute calcific tendonitis, rupture, and even avulsion. In this c...

Volume 85, Number 5 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 509 A 20-year-old man presented to his university’s student health clinic with intermittent pain in his right knee that began two months earlier. He had no history of knee injury or surgery and was otherwise in good health. Physical examination showed a visually normal knee with no effusion. He had normal range of motion but slight ...