Polar codes, that have been recently introduced by Arikan, are one of the first codes that achieved the capacity for vast numerous channels and they also have low complexity in symmetric memoryless channels. Polar codes are constructed based on a phenomenon called channel polarization. This paper discusses relay channel polarization in order to achieve the capacity and show that if inputs of tw...

1. A model of the transient, low-threshold voltage-dependent (T-type) Ca2+ current is constructed using recent whole-cell voltage-clamp data from enzymatically isolated rat thalamocortical relay neurons. The T-type Ca2+ current is described according to the Hodgkin-Huxley scheme, using the m3h format, with rate constants determined from the experimental data (22-24 degrees C; extracellular Ca2+...

in this paper, an interval approach is presented to achieve perfect selectivity and maximum sensitivity in distance relay zones, considering uncertainties. for this purpose, first, the uncertainties affecting the settings of the three zones of a distance relay are discussed. then, by using the monte-carlo simulation, the uncertainties are modelled and the impedances seen by the distance relay a...

The threshold current and the characteristic temperature of 1.3m InGaAsP–InP buried heterostructure (BH) lasers with the p-n-p-n blocking layers have been numerically analyzed using a two-dimensional (2-D) device simulator. The simulation model includes optical gain, intervalence absorption, radiative spontaneous-emission current, Auger recombination current, Shockley–Read–Hall recombination cu...

When working for low power application the main estimation is to reduce leakage components and parameters. This stanza explores a vast link towards low leakage power SRAM cells using new technology and devices. The RAM contains bi-stable cross coupled latch which has V_th higher in write mode access MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) and lower V_th in read access mode MO...

Abstract—In this paper, the problem of secure transmission in two-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) systems with an untrusted relay is investigated. To prevent the untrusted relay from intercepting the source message and to achieve positive secrecy rate, the destination-based cooperative jamming (DBCJ) technique is used. In this method the destination sends an intended jamming signal to the relay. T...

In the renewable energy sources, PV system forms the reliable for power generation. Thus the transformerless CMI is considered to be the best alternative for low cost and high efficiency photovoltaic systems. Eliminating the leakage current is one of the most important issues for transformerless inverters in grid-connected photovoltaic system applications, where the technical challenge is how t...