Teachers play a crucial role in curriculum changes, as they are the ones to implement a new curriculum in class. Therefore, teachers need to bring their knowledge and beliefs (pedagogical content knowledge) in line with the new curricular demands. The reason for the study is the introduction of a context-based chemistry high school curriculum in the Netherlands, and the question was how to best...

many factors are involved in learning and memory processes including brain nuclei, neurotransmitter systems, and the activity of ion channels. studies showed inconsistent effects of calcium channel blockers on learning process, especially memory consolidation; however, little is known about their effect on memory acquisition and retrieval. accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the e...

In this paper, an incremental learning model called Resource Allocating Network with Long-Term Memory (RAN-LTM) is extended such that the learning is conducted with some autonomy for the following functions: 1) data collection for initial learning, 2) data normalization, 3) addition of radial basis functions (RBFs), and 4) determination of RBF centers and widths. The proposed learning algorithm...

User learning is central to the effective use of information technology within organizations, particularly given the changing nature of IT over the past decades. Research indicates that self-training is the most common means by which users learn. In addition, the use of Web-based training within organizations in these selfdirected learning situations is increasing. The purpose of this research ...

The purpose of this design experiment was to examine two facets of a curriculum targeted to the needs of low-income preschoolers: word learning and concept learning through semantic clusters and category development. Six Head Start teachers in A.M. and P.M. programs and their children (N=89) participated in the treatment and six (N=89) in the comparison group. Phase I of the design experiment f...

The static and analytic scheduling approach is very difficult to follow and is not always applicable in real-time. Most of the scheduling algorithms are designed to be established in offline environment. However, we are challenged with three characteristics in real cases: First, problem data of jobs are not known in advance. Second, most of the shop’s parameters tend to be stochastic. Third, th...

The learning of motor skills is thought to occur largely through trial and error; however, the error signals and rules controlling the induction of motor learning have not been fully elucidated. We evaluated the learning rules that translate the sensory and motor cues available during training into learned changes in the gain and phase of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of mice. Contrary to p...

Isolation rearing has been used for inducing schizophrenia-like symptoms in rats. Human schizophrenics have deficits in prefrontal-dysfunction-related cognitive/behavioral flexibility. Rats with lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex perform poorly in reversal learning. It is uncertain whether isolation rearing, however, causes reversal-learning impairment in adult rats. Using the rotating T m...

We compared acquisition and performance accounts of human contingency learning. After solving a discrimination in Phase 1, in which Cue A predicted the occurrence of the outcome and Cue B predicted its nonoccurrence (A+/B-), a new discrimination (X+/Y-) was superimposed in Phase 2 (AX+/BY-). The participants were finally trained in Phase 3 with the added discrimination, which either maintained ...

The relationship between the brain and the environment is flexible, forming the foundation for our ability to learn. Here we review the current state of our understanding of the modifications in the sensorimotor pathway related to sensorimotor learning. We divide the process into three hierarchical levels with distinct goals: (1) sensory perceptual learning, (2) sensorimotor associative learnin...