The article analyzes the legal criteria that ensure normal participation of an individual in civil law relations. These are studied by author four groups. examines categories capacity and delicacy ability, including personality, understanding awareness consequences their actions, coming age obtaining full before onset majority (emancipation, marriage reaching marriageable cases stipulated law)....

The benign hydatidiform mole (partial and complete) practically represents an associated pathology of the first trimester miscarriage; it is considered that it represents the initial pathology, which, evolutionally, may be followed by the appearance of invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. The authors have studied clinical and cytogenetical 61 cases selected according to some specific criteria for...

Although legal interventions are responsible for many sentinel public health achievements, law is underutilized as a tool for advancing population health. Our purpose was to identify critical opportunities for public health lawmaking. We articulated key criteria and illustrated their use with 5 examples. These opportunities involve significant health problems that are potentially amenable to ch...

Capacity legislation aims to protect individual autonomy and avoid undue paternalism as far as possible, partly through ensuring patients are not deemed to lack capacity because they make an unwise decision. To this end, the law employs a procedural test of capacity that excludes substantive judgments about patients' decisions. However, clinical intuitions about patients' capacity to make decis...

Qualified immunity from civil liability exists for acts of disaster mental health (DMH) practitioners responding to disasters or acts of terrorism. This article reviews current legal regimens dictating civil liability for potentially wrongful acts of DMH professionals and volunteers responding to disasters. Criteria are proposed to inform determinations of civil liability for DMH workers in dis...

The research project “AN.ON – Anonymity online” focuses on developing and providing a web anonymising service. This service provides anonymity and unobservability against external observers, the user‘s ISP and the operators of the service themselves. AN.ON is being promoted by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs for three years (2001-2003). Main criteria for the design of the web an...

This paper looks at transgender identities and the law in the context of marriage. It particularly focuses on the role of language and definition in classifying transgendered individuals into a legal category. Two lines of cases in transgender jurisprudence are examined. The former cases decided the definition of ‘man’ and ‘woman’ on the basis of biological criteria while the latter cases held ...

Developments of the World Wide Web and electronic commerce upset the traditional marketing schemes. This disruption is moderatly appreciated by the producers who have built " closed distribution " structures, such as exclusive concession or selective distribution networks ( ie within car industry sector (Peugeot, Rover...) and within the perfume sector (Chanel, Yves St Laurent...). These networ...

The number of electronic commerce (e-commerce) transactions has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The right to privacy is particularly important in e-commerce. Recently, the privacy protection for consumer transactions has become more and more important in e-commerce. This paper aims to develop the study on the legislation of e-commerce consumer rights protection. It is a co...

Coercive treatment with antipsychotic drugs was commonly used in German psychiatric institutions until it became a topic of substantial medical, legal and ethical controversy. In 2011 and 2012, several landmark decisions by Germany’s Constitutional Court and Federal Supreme Court challenged this practice in all but life-threatening emergencies. In March 2013, the new legal provisions governing ...