In modern legal systems, the litigated issues are numerous, the reasoning is complex, and the decision-making processes are highly regulated. Moreover, the decision-making integrates legal rules and policies with expert and non-expert evidence. What is needed is a means of representing, studying, and partially automating such complex legal reasoning. This paper presents a visual framework for m...

1. A Legal Analysis System. This is what most people have in mind when they talk about legal expert systems. Given a representation of the rules and regulations in effect in a particular area of the law, the system would provide an analysis of the legal consequences of a given set of facts. There are a number of such systems in existence today, e.g. [Michaelsen, 1984; Susskind and Capper, 1988]...

pollution and destruction of environment and the resulting damages is one of the basic perplexities of modern industrial and urban societies and one of the most essential issues dealt with in environment rights. thus, given the necessity of indemnification for any damage and loss in most of the legal systems, the study, assessment, and discussion of civil responsibility arising from environment...

The concept of responsibility underlies many legal rules and remedies. For the most part, criminal liability is incurred only in respect of acts for which the accused is considered responsible; and civil liability is incurred only in respect of loss or damage for which the defendant is considered responsible. However, it seems often to be suggested that questions of responsibility are matters f...

This paper will critically analyse the conventional wisdom in the “pyramid of business rules” with regards to company directors (including hard and soft laws), arguing that the emphasis on amending or refining legal instruments might not be effective. Even though there are several factors as to why these rules do not appear to yield the desired results, the key is perhaps to align them with wid...

Legal certainty decreases over time. Rules and principles of law become more and more uncertain in content and in application because legal systems are biased in favor of unravelling those rules and principles. In Part I of this Article, I attempt to show what these biases are, and why commentators who have argued that the law tends toward certainty are wrong. Part II describes various attempts...