Accidental removal of the lacrimal gland is a rare complication of ptosis surgery. We report two children who underwent large unilateral levator palpebrae superioris resections (LPSr). After surgery, both patients developed dry eye. Post-operatively, the parents of both patients noticed no tears in the affected eye when their child cried. Computed tomography proved the absence of the lacrimal g...

Diameters of some white locomotor muscle fibers in the adult blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, exceed 500 microm whereas juvenile white fibers are <100 microm. It was hypothesized that aerobically dependent processes, such as metabolic recovery following burst contractions, will be significantly impeded in the large white fibers. In addition, dark aerobic fibers of adults, which rely on aerobic m...

OBJECTIVE To date, the evidence on pelvic floor injury in labor remains sketchy due to a lack of prospective studies comparing pelvic floor imaging before and after childbirth. We intended to define the incidence of major trauma to the pubovisceral muscle. METHODS A total of 61 nulliparous women were seen at 36-40 weeks of gestation in a prospective observational study. The assessment include...

OBJECTIVE To determine intrapartum risk factors associated with levator trauma as identified by ultrasound imaging. DESIGN A prospective observational study. SETTING Antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital between May 2005 and February 2008. POPULATION Nulliparous women (n=488) in their first ongoing pregnancy. METHODS An interview and four-dimensional translabial ultrasound was carried...

OBJECTIVE To clarify whether the 'plane of minimal dimensions' of the levator hiatus on three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound accurately represents the minimal anatomical transverse hiatal dimension during a Valsalva maneuver. METHODS In this retrospective study of 3D transperineal ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, datasets from 19 female participants were used to measure the transv...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the differences between Asian and Caucasian upper eyelid anatomy through cadaver dissection, histopathological study, and magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Upper eyelids of 9 Korean and 5 Caucasian cadavers were dissected, and then were studied microscopically with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and elastin stains. Four healthy young Korean men were...

PURPOSE To verify the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) to promote protective ptosis in dogs. METHODS In this prospective interventional study, a total of 10 dogs underwent transcutaneous anterior chemodenervation of levator palpebral superioris with 15 U of BoNT/A. The systemic changes, ocular mobility, visual function, intraocular pressure (IOP), tear production, and th...

Material and Methods: Retrospective review of all cases of ptosis surgery performed between January 2000 and June 2005 in one of the units of Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Patients with levator function of less than 4 mm in the worst affected eye were included. All patients undergoing frontalis sling with materials other than fascia lata and all children under 5 years were ...

AIM We assessed pubovisceral muscle (PVM) defects, levator hiatal dimensions and anal sphincter defects using three-dimensional (3D) endovaginal and anorectal ultrasonography in women with previous vaginal delivery and faecal incontinence to determine the relationship between anatomic/functional findings and severity of faecal incontinence symptoms. METHOD This was a prospective, observationa...

CONDENSATION A mathematical formula to estimate the levator ani subtended volume parameter based on magnetic resonance imaging linear measurements from one axial and one sagittal view. OBJECTIVE To estimate the levator ani subtended volume based on MRI linear measurements. METHODS The 3D Slicer was used to obtain the Levator Ani Subtended Volume (LASV) from 35 women with Pelvic Organ Prolap...