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this paper considers the potential problems that may militate against the adoption of organic poultry production in nigeria. factors identified include: higher risk of diseases like coccidiosis and newcastle disease, disease prevention and control / herd health management, disease containment in times of outbreak, land acquisition (land tenure system), market economies / cost-benefit ratio, pas...

Avian encephalomyelitis is caused by a Tremovirus and primarily affects chickens. The virus can infect young chicks and cause nervous symptoms. Vaccines are used to control the disease in breeders. Recently, the occurrence of the disease is causing concern in the poultry industry. In the present study, we report a case of avian encephalomyelitis in one broiler farm in Kashan (center of Iran). T...

Major occupational exposures to silica occur in the mining, stone-cutting, and abrasives industries [1,2]. Estimates of the total number of exposed workers in the US today range from 1.2 to 3 million people [2]. Although prolonged exposure to silica has long been associated with pulmonary pathology, a growing body of evidence suggests that the lung is not the only organ affected by silicosis. S...

Huntington's Disease-like 2 (HDL2), like Huntington's disease (HD), is an adult onset, progressive, neurodegenerative autosomal dominant disorder clinically characterized by abnormal movements, dementia, and psychiatric syndromes. Like HD, the neuropathology of HDL2 features prominent cortical and striatal atrophy and intranuclear inclusions. HDL2 is generally rare, accounting for only a few pe...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of conserved receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present in microbes. In humans, at least ten TLRs have been identified, and their recognition targets range from bacterial endotoxins to lipopeptides, DNA, dsRNA, ssRNA, fungal products, and several host factors. Of dermatological interest, these receptors are expressed on...

There is an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase-1A (Dyrk1a) is a protein kinase that phosphorylates the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau and thus represents a link between two key proteins involved in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, Dyrk1a is upregulated in postmortem huma...

BACKGROUND Minimal Change Disease (MCD) is the most common type of nephrotic syndrome in children. Angiopoietin-like-4 (Angplt4) has been proposed as mediator of proteinuria in MCD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Angptl4 as a biomarker in MCD. METHODS Patients with biopsy-proven primary MCD, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy (60, 52 and 52 respectiv...