The importance in promoting, sustaining industries, manufacturing systems and economy through reliability measurement has become an area of interest. The profit of a system may be enhanced using highly reliable structural design of the system or subsystem of higher reliability. On improving the reliability and availability of a system, the production and associated profit will also increase. Re...

In many markets, such as education, health care and public utilities, firms are often profit-constrained either due to regulation or because they have non-profit status. At the same time such firms might have altruistic concerns towards consumers. In this paper we study semi-altruistic firms’ incentives to invest in quality and cost-reducing effort when facing constraints on the distribution of...

Portfolio selection is a major topic for investors to allocate their assets and maximize profit under constrained risk. For uncertain investment behavior in vagueness environment, some researchers have devoted themselves this field of fuzzy portfolio models selection. Especially, Tsaur, Chiu Huang 2021 defined guaranteed return rates excess securities whose are bigger than the However, an indep...

This short note provides a systematic construction of market models without unbounded profits but with arbitrage opportunities.

We report our analysis, using account data from a large discount brokerage firm, of the common stock investment performance of 166 investment clubs from February 1991 through January 1997. The average club tilted its common stock investment toward high-beta, small-cap growth stocks and turned over 65 percent of its portfolio annually. The average club lagged the performance of a broad-based mar...

In many cases, buyers must incur search costs to find the price of a product. This search cost affects the behavior of consumers, and through that, it affects the profit maximizing behavior of the firms. As search costs change, so do the competitive marketing mix strategies of the firms. In predicting the effect of changing search costs on the equilibrium prices and allocations, it is important...

For-profit, or proprietary, colleges are the fastest-growing postsecondary schools in the nation, enrolling a disproportionately high share of disadvantaged and minority students and those ill-prepared for college. Because these schools, many of them big national chains, derive most of their revenue from taxpayer-funded student financial aid, they are of interest to policy makers not only for t...

A key feature of the 2007 financial crisis is that for some classes of securities trade has practically ceased. And where trade has occurred, it appears that market prices are well below their intrinsic values. This seems especially true for those securities where the payoff streams are particularly complex, for example, structured finance ABS CDOs. One explanation for this is that information ...

This paper investigates the role of basket securities in the efficient price formation process of individual component securities. The study focuses on one type of basket security, exchange traded funds (ETFs), which includes some of the most actively traded securities in the U.S. equity market. A multi-asset variance decomposition methodology is developed to measure the information contributio...

Trading desks at investment banks often have substantial positions in a broad range of long-term or exotic derivative securities which can be marked to market only by means of mathematical models. Verifying the fair value of these securities is an increasingly important issue, and involves more than just mathematics and a model. It requires software, skill and common sense, all embedded in a su...