When rubber equipment in a milking system ages, physical and chemical deterioration occurs and cracks, crevices, as well as deposits of organic and inorganic material is formed on the surface. Bacterial colonization can accumulate, especially on ageing rubber equipment and if the cleaning procedure is not functioning properly. Formation of biofilm in milking equipment could in turn cause bacter...

Although the advantages of optical techniques have long been appreciated, the inherent limitations of such methods have meant that stylus techniques remain the accepted "standard" for surface assessment. The study of many engineering processes, such as engine preparation techniques, have been based on stylus methods. Much of this research may be extended to optical techniques for surface assess...

A chloride-based molten-salt system that uses a ternary blend of MgCl2/KCl/NaCl is investigated to provide higher-temperature thermal energy storage capability than conventional nitrate salt-based systems. Despite their high stability and operating temperature, molten chlorides present several challenges, including the design internal liners prevent corrosion stress alloy tank shells. This work...

Liner overpressure is a quantitative variable indicating the extent to which vacuum difference across liner during phase d (the compression phase) of milking machine pulsation exceeds that would be just sufficient stop milk flow from teat. Previously defined methods determining have required modifications machine, complex instrumentation, or both. Our method measuring derived (OP) offers relati...

Aims. We investigate the origin of X-rays and the nature of accretion flow in 4 low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) hosted by radio galaxies, namely NGC 1692, PKS 0625–35, 3C 88, 3C 444, recently observed with XMM-Newton. Methods. We combine the results from the time-averaged spectral analysis with model-independent information from X-ray temporal and spectral variability anal...

in this research, hydraulic and sorption behavior of geosynthetic clay liners (gcls) withordinary and modified clay exposed to crude oil were studied. both modified and ordinary bentonites wereinvestigated to evaluate crude oil adsorption efficiency on the liners. because soil permeability exposed tocrude oil is a major parameter in measuring the contaminants migration in soils, the permeabilit...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the color stability and hardness of two denture liners obtained by direct and indirect techniques, after thermal cycling and immersion in beverages that can cause staining of teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy disc-shaped specimens (18 x 3 mm) processed by direct (DT) and indirect techniques (IT) were made from Elite soft (n=35) and Kooliner (n=35) denture liners. For ...