this study aimed at investigating the effect of learners’ gender on their preferences for corrective feedback. learners’ prefer- ences which were investigated included the necessity, frequency, timing, type, method, and delivering agent of error treatment. to this end, a questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 100 participants (50 males and 50 females) studying english (efl) at shi...

The Arabic Treebank (ATB), released by the Linguistic Data Consortium, contains multiple annotation files for each source file, due in part to the role of diacritic inclusion in the annotation process. The data is made available in both ”vocalized” and ”unvocalized” forms, with and without the diacritic marks, respectively. Much parsing work with the ATB has used the unvocalized form, on the ba...

The paper examines the impact of the income distribution in a less-developed country (LDC) on its patterns of trade, through its influence on home market demand patterns. In a learning-by-doing model with nonhomothetic preferences, the authors show that import substitution under low inequality generates more focused learning and enhances trade potential more effectively. In addition, relative w...

Coverage has been a constant thorn in the side of deployed deep linguistic processing applications, largely because of the difficulty in constructing, maintaining and domaintuning the complex lexicons that they rely on. This paper reviews various strands of research on deep lexical acquisition (DLA), i.e. the (semi-)automatic creation of linguistically-rich language resources, particularly from...

In this paper, the multi-person decision making problems with various different types of incomplete linguistic preference relations are studied. Some new concepts, including incomplete uncertain linguistic preference relation, incomplete triangular fuzzy linguistic preference relation, incomplete trapezoid fuzzy linguistic preference relation, expected incomplete linguistic preference relation ...

This study examined four universal operating principles for first language acquisition proposed by Slobin (1973) and MacWhinney (1978). The applicability of these principles to second-language acquisition was tested by teaching children and adults a miniature linguistic system. The results suggested that the four principles played a major role in the learning of the system by 5-to 7-year-olds b...

introduction: feedback is very important in education and can help quality in the training process and orient the trainees in clinical contexts. this study aimed to assess the residents’ points of view about feedback in clinical education at shiraz university of medical sciences. methods: the sample of this study included 170 medical residents attending medical workshops in shiraz university of...

This paper studies the relation between images and text in image databases. An analysis of this relation results in the definition of three distinct query modalities: (1) linguistic scenario: images are part of a whole including a self-contained linguistic discourse, and their meaning derives from their interaction with the linguistic discourse. A typical case of this scenario is constituted by...

We hypothesize that linguistic (dis-)organization in the schizophrenic brain plays a more central role in the pathogenesis of this disease than commonly supposed. Against the standard view, that schizophrenia is a disturbance of thought or selfhood, we argue that the origins of the relevant forms of thought and selfhood at least partially depend on language. The view that they do not is premise...