This chapter focuses on three widely used techniques for extraction of semivolatile organics from liquids: liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Other techniques may be useful in selected circumstances, but these three techniques have become the extraction methods of choice for research and commercial analytical laboratories. A fou...

background & aim: identification, characterization and detection of medicinal plants chemical composition are very important for phytochemical scientific source. sumac is one of the medicinal plants in the world that uses for industrial and pharmacological application. in this study, chemical composition of rhus coriaria has been investigated. experimental: chemical composition of the matu...

1. Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can non-invasively and non-destructively probe the magnetization of hydrogen atoms on water molecules in large objects with a high spatial resolution, and in three dimensions. This unique combination of properties is exploited in polymer gel dosimetry since original gel dosimeters, in which viscosity changes were measured and related to the absor...

The use of diamonds detectors in radiotherapy and its potential advantages over silicon diodes and ionisation chambers is reviewed. Preliminary results on the performance of CVD diamond detectors in an X-ray beam will be presented. While the devices are sufficiently sensitive, applications as dosimeters are at present limited by time dependent effects. Prospects for further work are described. ...

A general set of methods is presented for calculating chemical potentials in solid and liquid mixtures using ab initio techniques based on density functional theory ~DFT!. The methods are designed to give an ab initio approach to treating chemical equilibrium between coexisting solid and liquid solutions, and particularly the partitioning ratios of solutes between such solutions. For the liquid...

We study the simplest model of dynamic heterogeneities in glass forming liquids: one-spin facilitated kinetic Ising model introduced by Fredrickson and Andersen [G. H. Fredrickson and H. C. Andersen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1244 (1984); J. Chem. Phys. 83, 5822 (1985)]. We show that the low-temperature, long-time behavior of the density autocorrelation function predicted by a scaling approach can b...