the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (dllme) method for determination of pb +2 and cd +2 ions in the environmental water samples was combined with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (icp-aes). ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (apdc), chloroform and ethanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent and disperser solvent, respectively. some effective parame...

Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) occurs at a subzero temperature for the acetonitrilewater binary system.When the equilibrium temperature is below its LLE critical temperature of 1.32 C, the top phase is acetonitrile-rich and the bottom phase water-rich. It was observed that a human growth hormone analog with 191 amino acids partitioned exclusively into the bottom phase and its bioactivity was r...

Food sources,mineral redistribution, and excreta are someof theways ants enrich their mound environment. Phosphorus excretion has not been reported in red imported Þre ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. QuantiÞcation of phosphoric acid in worker fecal droplets and larval anal liquid of S. invicta was performed. Phosphoric acid was trimethylsilylated using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trißuoroacetamide, ...

The air-liquid interface and the liquid-phase of benzene, toluene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene are studied using broad bandwidth sum frequency generation spectroscopy, Raman and infrared spectroscopy. A vibrationally resonant sum frequency response is observed from these surfaces in spite of the small hyperpolarizabilities, in particular, the zero and near-zero hyperpolariza...

The authors have researched a support system of the reminiscence and life review activity. This support system consists of an interactive tabletop display and interface system. Many interaction systems are proposed until now. An invisible code is one of the useful technologies for a computer interaction. The invisible codes provide us with an operating environment using a pen-like device. Howev...

Robertson comments on a case presented by Gafner in the same issue of the Journal of Medical Ethics. A proposal to crush a laryngeal nerve to halt the incessant yelling of an elderly demented patient is disapproved by a medical center's surgery department for risk and ethical reasons. Robertson, an anesthesiologist, discusses the pros and cons of surgical intervention, but argues that the rea...

A pilot audit of case records of consecutively discharged patients from a district general hospital was undertaken by specialist registrars, SHOs and senior nurses in order to identify adverse events (AEs) and critical incidents (CIs) related to hospital care. Experienced external assessors taught the clinical staff to use a previously validated structured method of case record review that faci...

separation of ten sedative- hypnotic drugs was performed by rp-hplc using mixed micellar mobile phase. effect of temperature, type and amount of organic modifier in mobile phase on efficiency (n) and asymmetry factor (b/a) showed that, the appropriate conditions for a good separation were 35°c and 7% (v/v) butanol in mobile phase.  variations of selectivity factor versus butanol concentration, ...

OBJECTIVE To clarify the practice of withholding the artificial administration of fluids and food from elderly patients with dementia in nursing homes. DESIGN Qualitative, ethnographic study in two phases. SETTING 10 wards in two nursing homes in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 35 patients with dementia, eight doctors, 43 nurses, and 32 families. RESULTS The clinical course of dementia wa...