Micro-XRF is a significant tool for the analysis of small regions. A micro-X-ray beam can be created in the laboratory by various focusing X-ray optics. Previously, nondestructive 3D-XRF analysis had not been easy because of the high penetration of fluorescent X-rays emitted into the sample. A recently developed confocal micro-XRF technique combined with polycapillary X-ray lenses enables depth...

This paper describes research on earth-space attenuation on a microwave communications link set up at Belgaum-RC Nagar (Karnataka State), India, during July to September, each year. The rain data secured from India Meteorological Department, Bangalore has been used for analysis with the live data of rainfall recorded with the aid of two tipping bucket rain gauges, and a disdrometer. A simple mo...

A very simple, rapid and sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was developed for the determination of phenol and carvacrol in honey samples. A mixture of 100 µl dichloromethane (extraction solvent) and 0.5 ml acetonitrile (disperser solvent) was rapidly injected into sample solution. Thereby a cloudy sol...

Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction / Thermal Lens Microscopy (DLLME/TLM) was developed as a new combination method for preconcentration and determination of Cd. Thermal Lens Microscopy is suitable for the determination of analyte after DLLME because of the low volume of the remained phase after DLLME and increasing of the enhancement factor for the nonpolar organic solvents. Some effe...

Abstract Reverse phase dispersive liquid- liquid microextraction (RP- DLLME) coupled with spectrophotometry is introduced for the detection of total phenol in the muscle tissue of fishes, such as Sphyraena genie, Otolithes ruber, Rastrelliger kangurta, Lutjanus johnii and Barbus Subquin Cunciatus. Phenols in fish tissues were extracted by ultrasonic bath and derivatization with 4- aminoant...

A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the determination of bismuth in various samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry is described. In this method, crystal violet was used as counter positive ion for BiCl4 (-) complex ion, chloroform as extraction solvent, and ethanol as disperser solvent. The analytical parameters that may affect the extraction efficiency like acidity o...

Haloacetic acids are toxic organic pollutants that can be formed as by-products of disinfection of water by chlorination. In this study, we developed a fast and efficient method for the determination of six species of these compounds in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by GC-MS analysis. To be suitable for GC analysis, the acidic analytes were derivatized using n-oc...

Sintering rates in snow were investigated by measuring changes in penetration resistance with time and by using a numerical snow metamorphism model. Periodic Snow Micro Penetrometer (SMP) measurements were performed on uniform snow samples covering a wide range of densities. The mean penetration resistance of snow increased with time according to a power law with an average exponent of 0.18. Si...

223 This work was supported by the fusion research program of Korea research council for industrial science and technology (B551179-1208-00, Development of Convergent Radio Therapy Equipment with O-arm CT) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea). Received 1 December 2015, Revised 28 December 2015, Accepted 28 December 2015 Correspondence: Young-Nam Kang (ynkang33@gmail...

This paper presents the simulation technique for simulating a micro grid (MG) and the analysis results of the operating characteristics of a MG with a hybrid power source. The hybrid power source in this research included both a diesel engine generation set and a wind generation system. The simulation tool adopted by this research is the professional software, Simulink. The simulation results a...