LaNi4.4Sn0.25 and graphite powder disk electrodes sandwiched between two nickel screens were used as working electrodes in 6.0 M KOH and in 1.0 M LiPF6 in propylene carbonate-ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate ~1:1:3! solution, respectively. Different electrochemical impedance spectroscopy protocols were used for analysis of the kinetics of insertion and extraction of hydrogen and lithium in...

Lithium has enhanced the operational performance of fusion devices such as: TFTR, CDX-U, FTU, T-11 M, and NSTX. Lithium in the solid and liquid state has been studied extensively in laboratory experiments including its erosion and hydrogen-retaining properties. Reductions in physical sputtering up to 40– 60% have been measured for deuterated solid and liquid lithium surfaces. Computational mode...

It is now generally agreed that the electrochemical reduction of ethylene carbonate ~EC! plays an important role in the formation of an effective solid electrolyte interface layer on the carbon anode in lithium-ion cells. However, neither the composition of this layer nor the reaction pathways involved in its formation have been clearly established. We report reflectance infrared spectra from a...

EFFECTS OF LITHIUM TREATMENT ON GRANULOCYTES AND GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER Objective: Although there are conflicting results, lithium carbonate has been demonstrated to induce the production of haematopoietic cells, particularly white blood cell series. In this study, we examined the effects of lithium on white blood cells in association w...

As our understanding of the underlying defects in fragile X syndrome (FXS) increases so does the potential for development of treatments aimed at modulating the defects and ameliorating the constellation of symptoms seen in patients. Symptoms of FXS include cognitive disability, hyperactivity, autistic behaviour, seizures and learning deficits. Lithium is a drug used clinically to treat bipolar...

The cycling of blood cell counts in grey collie dogs with cyclic hematopoiesis can be eliminated by treatment with oral lithium carbonate. To explore the mechanism by which lithium alters this stem cell disorder, studies of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C), neutrophil colony-forming cells (neutrophilic CFU-C), and colony-stimulating activity (CSA) were performed. In u...

Red blood cells from 18 lithium carbonate-treated patients with bipolar affective disorder and 12 normal volunteers were analyzed using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The spectra were analyzed for alanine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), choline, 2,3-diphosphoglycerol, glucose, glutathione, glycine, and lactate. Significant elevations of choline and lactate were found in the li...

Background: Although treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder in many countries commonly include lithium carbonate joint with sodium valproate, this combination is not effective for all patients. Moreover, some adverse reactions related to this treatment, neurotoxicity and interaction with other drugs justify and call for a new reviewing of the issue. Methods: Evidence base for the interaction...

BACKGROUND Although the mood stabilizing role of lithium is well established and the cognitive effects of lithium are also best demonstrated, but its primary effect on neurochemical profile and behaviors under stress remain ambiguous. Earlier studies have suggested that a single exposure to 2 h immobilization stress alters memory in various memory tasks, decreases exploratory activity in open f...

Electrocardiographic changes have been reported during therapy with psychotropic drugs—such as tricyclic anti-depressants (Schou 1963 ; Burrows et al., 1976 ; Reed and McKim 1978) and lithium (Tilkian et al., 1976a, 1976b; Wren and Dana 1976; Jefferson and Greist 1979). Lithium Carbonate affects ionic fluxes across cell membranes—-particularly those of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium (...