This paper applies a gravity model to examine the determinants of Icelandic exports. The model specifications tested allow for sector and trade bloc estimation. Also, a combination of an export ratio and a gravity model is tested, as well as marine product subsamples. The estimates are based on panel data on exports from 4 sectors, to 16 countries, over a period of 11 years. Estimates indicate ...

Since the late 1990s, reported U.S. imports from China and Hong Kong have regularly and increasingly exceeded reported exports of China and Hong Kong to the United States. This discrepancy, which is not caused by re-exporting through Hong Kong, varies by product categories, and in some cases takes the opposite sign. In this paper, we focus on China’s direct exports to the United States. Using a...

Introduction Push and pull factors in military consumption 2. Development 01 lIrnlf procuremenlllnd arms trade Procu rement expenditure Consequences for production Global arms exports: On the rise again? 3. Technological changes Dual-use technologies Future military technologies 4. Pressures to internaliollalizeversus natiollal orientation The pressure to internationalize International a rms pr...

We study the effects of reforms in the legal scope of patent rights (PRs) on the international pattern of sectoral exports, before and after implementation of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement at the World Trade Organization (WTO), in a generalized factor-proportions framework. We find that, conditional on factor endowments and intensities, a country wi...

The mechanisms of growth out of backwardness are investigated in an intertemporal general equilibrium model for Thailand. Learning by exporting is assumed to be the main vehicle of international spillover. While the econometric literature discusses the causality between exports and productivity, we analyze the endogenous dynamic interaction and with long run growth effects of economic policy. T...

This article shows – on both conceptual and empirical grounds the importance of business cycles in affecting key relationships between innovation and international performance. While periods of upswing are characterised by a well documented „virtuous circle‟ between innovation inputs, new products and export success, during downswings most of the positive relationships and feedbacks tend to bre...

This paper explores the links between exports, export destinations and skill utilization by firms. We identify two mechanisms behind these links, which we integrate into a unified theory of export destinations and skills. First, exporting to high-income countries with higher valuation for quality leads to quality upgrades that are skill-intensive (Verhoogen, 2008). Second, exporting in general,...

the Chinese authorities plan to gradually rebalance the composition of Chinese economic growth from investment towards household consumption. this article uses the World input-Output Database (WiOD) to give a general sense of how this rebalancing might affect Australian exports and economic activity. Dollar for dollar, Chinese investment appears to absorb more than twice as much Australian valu...

Using a rich panel data set, we provide a rigorous analysis of the relationship between access to external finance, foreign direct investment and the exports of private enterprises in China. We conclude that, in order to foster the exports of indigenous enterprises, the elimination of financial discrimination against private firms is likely to be a more effective policy tool than the reliance o...

(a) in the short term, Africa should use its increased income from ‘booms’ in ‘traditional’ exports (eg, commodities and minerals) to invest in basic needs and infrastructure, and enhance its industrial and technological capacity. This can safeguard Africa from fluctuations in prices and demand in the world market for ‘traditional’ exports, while helping to build its economic capacity and take ...