The locally linear embedding (LLE) algorithm has recently emerged as a promising technique for nonlinear dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional data. One of its advantages over many similar methods is that only one parameter has to be defined, but no guidance was yet given how to choose it. We propose a hierarchical method for automatic selection of an optimal parameter value. Our approac...

Manifold learning is the process of estimating a low-dimensional structure which underlies a collection of high-dimensional data. Here we review two popular methods for nonlinear dimensionality reduction, locally linear embedding (LLE, [1]) and IsoMap [2]. We also discuss their roots in principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling, and provide a brief comparison of the underlying a...

Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data are critical for the design and optimization of processes extracting aromatics. Partial LLE non-aromatic–aromatic–sulfolane ternary system were acquired at 313.15 K 101.3 kPa. The extraction aromatics using sulfolane predicted COSMO-RS model. Correspondingly, experimental analyzed root mean square deviation (RMSD), distribution coefficient (D), separation fa...

Manifold learning techniques are used to preserve the original geometry of dataset after reduction by preserving the distance among data points. MDS (Multidimensional Scaling), ISOMAP (Isometric Feature Mapping), LLE (Locally Linear Embedding) are some of the geometrical structure preserving dimension reduction methods. In this paper, we have compared MDS and ISOMAP and considered similarity as...

In the field of bioanalysis, there is an increasing demand for miniaturized, automated, robust sample pretreatment procedures that can be easily connected to direct-infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS) in order to allow the high-throughput screening of drugs and/or their metabolites in complex body fluids like plasma. Liquid-Liquid extraction (LLE) is a common sample pretreatment technique often ...

We studied a relation of chaotic dynamics of finger plethysmogram to complexity of high cerebral center in both theoretical and experimental approaches. We proposed a mathematical model to describe emergence of chaos in finger tip pulse wave, which gave a theoretical prediction indicating increased chaoticity in higher cerebral center leading to an increase of chaos dynamics in plethysmograms. ...

Fault diagnosis is essentially a kind of pattern recognition. The measured signal samples usually distribute on nonlinear low-dimensional manifolds embedded in the high-dimensional signal space, so how to implement feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and improve recognition performance is a crucial task. In this paper a novel machinery fault diagnosis approach based on a statistical lo...

This study was carried out using a transversal design. It aimed to investigate possible changes of the normal voice in children before mutation, to create a database for the parameters used in the study, and to examine the use of fractal dimension and the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) in the assessment of nonpathological phenomena. Two hundred twelve children were enrolled: 111 females and 10...

BACKGROUND Progressive high-load exercise (PHLE) has led to positive clinical results in patients with patellar and Achilles tendinopathy. However, its effects on rotator cuff tendinopathy still need to be investigated. PURPOSE To assess the clinical effects of PHLE versus low-load exercise (LLE) among patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level ...

Surface water and sediment samples collected from Jukskei River in South Africa, were subjected to different extraction techniques, liquid-liquid (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), activated carbon extraction (ACE) and soxhlet extraction (SE) for sediment. The samples were extracted with dichloromethane, cleaned in a silica gel column and the extracts quantified using a Varian 3800 GC-ECD. Th...