Despite the ubiquitous reference to the concept of social norms in the social sciences, there is no consensus about the power of social norms to direct human action. For some, norms have a central and regular influence on human behavior, while for others, the concept is too vague, and the evidence we have about norm compliance is too contradictory to support the claim that they appreciably affe...

BACKGROUND Studying animal cognition in a social setting is associated with practical and statistical challenges. However, conducting cognitive research without disturbing species-typical social groups can increase ecological validity, minimize distress, and improve animal welfare. Here, we review the existing literature on cognitive research run with primates in a social setting in order to de...

During their stay on death row, inmates have an abundance of free time with which they need to fill. Many inmates will turn to religion in order to preoccupy themselves. This research project set out to analyze the nature of religious coping among death row inmates. I propose that an inmate who is actively involved with their religion while coping will be able to cope with the social setting of...

BACKGROUND Due to outdoor and residual transmission and insecticide resistance, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) will be insufficient as stand-alone malaria vector control interventions in many settings as programmes shift toward malaria elimination. Combining additional vector control interventions as part of an integrated strategy would potentially ove...

Bystanders in a real world's social setting have the ability to influence people's beliefs and behavior. This study examines whether this effect can be recreated in a virtual environment, by exposing people to virtual bystanders in a classroom setting. Participants (n = 26) first witnessed virtual students answering questions from an English teacher, after which they were also asked to answer q...

No-take Marine Protected Areas (Nt-MPAs) constitute an indispensable tool for biodiversity conservation. Nevertheless, there are other instruments such as marine coastal co-management policy frameworks which may be also considered as tools for conservation or as ancillary conservation instruments. Using focus groups, semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires we analysed small-scale a...

Correction After publication of this article, it came to our attention that an author's name was misspelled. The correct name is Elise P Jansma. The authors and Publisher apologize to the readers for the inconvenience caused. Vet HCW: Systematic review: do patient expectations influence treatment outcomes in total knee and total hip arthroplasty? Cite this article as: Haanstra et al.: Correctio...

BACKGROUND Mitochondrial disorders are generally not associated with a clear phenotype-genotype relationship, which complicates the understanding of the disease and genetic counseling. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the muscle and blood mitochondrial DNA mutation load and phenotype. DESIGN Survey. SETTING The Neuromuscular Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denm...

The dynamic resource allocation problem arises in a variety of applications. The generic resource allocation setting involves a number of locations containing resources. The dynamic aspect of the problem is the arrivals of consumers, each of which requires a certain amount of service from the resources, and the control variable of the problem is the \allocation policy", which speciies at which ...

I. PROOF OF PROPOSITION 1 Proof: Consider a simple example of n = 2 servers in a super time slot. At t = 2k, assume without loss of generality that X 1 (2k) > X 2 (2k). At the exploration slot t = 2k+1 with exploration probability γ 2k , the expected number of users is thus E [X 1 (2k + 1)] = X 1 (2k)(1 − γ 2k) + X 2 (2k)γ 2k E [X 2 (2k + 1)] = X 2 (2k)(1 − γ 2k) + X 1 (2k)γ 2k. On one hand, ea...