Although new drugs and techniques may improve outcomes when unintended high blood levels of local anesthetics occur, the primary focus of daily practice should remain the prevention of such events. Although adoption of no single "safety step" will reliably prevent systemic toxicity, the combination of several procedures seems to have reduced the frequency of systemic toxicity since 1981. These ...

regional anesthesia techniques) may reduce hypotension and hypercarbia from excessive anesthetic drugs and provide additional perioperative analgesia. Forty-two dogs were divided into 2 groups: group L received intratesticular lidocaine injections 5 minutes before surgical castration, and group S received an equal volume of saline. There were no significant differences in baseline heart rate (H...

Local anesthetics are not only used as drugs to block the sodium channel to provide analgesia and anti-arrhythmic action. The purpose of this review is to highlight the new indications and limitations of this class of drugs. Recent research has focused on the use of i.v. local anesthetics to improve bowel function after surgery or trauma, to protect the central nervous system, to find new clues...