Topical drug dosage forms such as ointments and creams can be easily removed through wetting, movement and contact. The new bioadhesive formulations with enhanced local anesthetic effects are needed for topical administration. The adhesive capacity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was determined by measuring the maximum detachment force and the adhesion work with an auto peeling tester. ...

Spinal anesthesia is the most popular regional anesthesia technique for cesarean delivery as it is easily performed and provides rapid onset of block followed by dense surgical anesthesia. Although bupivacaine seems to be widely and routinely used long acting amide type local anesthetic drug for spinal anesthesia, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine may occasionally be chosen. However, it is diffic...

Using quantitative data previously reported for the penetration of local anesthetics into lecithin monolayers, the effects of surface and subphase concentrations of anesthetics on the inhibition of pancreatic phospholipase A2 action on didecanoyl phosphatidylcholine monolayers was investigated. Inhibition as a function of subphase concentration of anesthetic was in the order: dibucaine greater ...

The currently available local anesthetic agents are capable of providing high quality nerve blockade in a wide variety of clinical circumstances. Our understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of toxicity is increasing rapidly. Knowledge of the chemistry of local anesthetics has enabled clinicians to exploit the increased safety. Local anesthesia is an important part of the daily routines...

BACKGROUND Provision of optimal postoperative analgesia should facilitate postoperative ambulation and rehabilitation. An optimal multimodal analgesia technique would include the use of nonopioid analgesics, including local/regional analgesic techniques such as surgical site local anesthetic infiltration. This article presents a novel approach to surgical site infiltration techniques for abdomi...