BACKGROUND District health systems in Africa depend largely on public funding. In many countries, not only are these funds insufficient, but they are also released in an untimely fashion, thereby creating serious cash flow problems for district health managers. This paper examines how the untimely release of public sector health funds in Ghana affects district health activities and the way dist...

in today’s world, one of the cities’ major challenges is the crisis of the built environment quality. as the urban design group discussed, urban management (local authorities) actors are kind of urban designers who unconsciously affect the quality of urban environment by their decisions. non-formal education and in-service training programs are effective methods to qualify staff for making deci...