Classical computing machines using irreversible logic gates unavoidably generate heat. This is due to the fact that each loss of one bit of information is accompanied by an increase of the environment’s entropy by an amount k log(2), where k is Boltzmann’s constant. In turn this means that an amount of thermal energy equal to kT log(2) is transferred to the environment, having a temperature T. ...

The present study carefully examined entropy generation during wustite pellet reduction to sponge iron. The finite volume method was used to solve the governing equations. The grain model was used to simulate the reaction rate. The reactant gases including carbon monoxide and hydrogen were converted to water and carbon dioxide after wustite reduction. Entropy is generated by heat transfer, mass...

Many real data sets in databases may vary dynamically. With such data sets, one has to run a knowledge acquisition algorithm repeatedly in order to acquire new knowledge. This is a very time-consuming process. To overcome this deficiency, several approaches have been developed to deal with dynamic databases. They mainly address knowledge updating from three aspects: the expansion of data, the i...

Inductive probabilistic reasoning is understood as the application of inference patterns that use statistical background information to assign (subjective) probabilities to single events. The simplest such inference pattern is direct inference: from “70% of As are Bs” and “a is an A” infer that a is a B with probability 0.7. Direct inference is generalized by Jeffrey’s rule and the principle of...

Neural-symbolic approaches have recently gained popularity to inject prior knowledge into a learner without requiring it induce this from data. These can potentially learn competitive solutions with significant reduction of the amount supervised A large class neural-symbolic is based on First-Order Logic represent knowledge, relaxed differentiable form using fuzzy logic. This paper shows that l...

congestive heart failure (chf) remains to be one of the major cardiovascular disorders in the world. due to the prevalence of chf related issues, it is prudent to seek out new prognostic predictors that would facilitate the prevention, monitoring, and treatment of the disease on a daily basis. a detection approach using entropy measures extracted from surface electrocardiograms (ecgs) and class...

A new algorithm for computing the maximum entropy ranking (me-ranking) over a set of variable strength defaults is given. Although this requires more information than its predecessor in terms of strengths for defaults, it has a much wider applicability, and allows for greater expressiveness in encoding default knowledge. The algorithm is shown to be sound and complete to the extent that it alwa...

They appear often situations in a system’s operation characterized by a degree of vagueness and/or uncertainty. In the present paper we use principles of fuzzy logic to develop a general model representing such kind of situations. We also present 3 alternative methods for measuring a fuzzy system’s effectiveness. These methods include the measurement of the system’s total possibilistic uncertai...

In this paper we study some monotone behavior of the residual (past) entropy of order . We prove that, under some relation between the hazard rates (reversed hazard rates) of two distributions functions F and G, when the residual (past) entropy of order of F is decreasing (increasing) then the residual (past) entropy of G is decreasing (increasing). Using this, several conclusions regarding mo...

This paper presents and compares approaches for reasoning with relational probabilistic conditionals, i. e. probabilistic conditionals in a restricted first-order environment. It is well-known that conditionals play a crucial role for default reasoning, however, most formalisms are based on propositional conditionals, which restricts their expressivity. The formalisms discussed in this paper ar...