The global water cycle is becoming more intense in a warming climate, leading to extreme rainstorms and floods. In addition, the delicate balance of precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff affects variations soil moisture, which vital importance agriculture. A systematic examination climate change impacts on these variables may help provide scientific foundations for design relevant adaptatio...

[1] Controls on interannual variations in water and energy balances of large river basins (10,000 km and greater) are evaluated in the framework of the semiempirical relation E=P 1⁄4 1⁄21þ ðR=PÞ n 1/n in which and E, P, and R are basin mean values of annual evaporation, precipitation, and surface net radiation, respectively, expressed as equivalent evaporative water flux, overbars denote long-t...

Excessive phosphorus (P) loss from soils impairs surface water resources. An assessment tool or index has been proposed to identify fields with high potential risk of P delivery. The P index integrates P source and transport factors into a decision making process that may lead to changes in current P management and soil conservation practices. The index recognizes that a single soil P threshold...

a considerable part of precipitation falls in the form of snow in golestan watershed. in turn, snowmelt plays a significant role in surface runoff, groundwater feeding and flood propagation in this area. snow cover area (sca) as an indicator of stored water can be implemented for temporal and spatial monitoring of snowmelt in the hydrological models. to monitor spatial and temporal variation of...

Abstract The common approach to the hydrologic design of permeable pavements (PPs) uses synthetic rainfall events. This study assessed validity using events for undrained PP. Synthetic (25-year return period) were used five Norwegian cities. effectiveness these was tested long-term simulation (12–30 years) with high temporal resolution (1 min). Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) generate time ...

The availability of long-term gridded datasets of precipitation, temperature, and other surface meteorological variables offers the potential for deriving a range of land surface conditions that have not been directly observed. These include, for instance, soil moisture, snow water equivalent, evapotranspiration, runoff, and subsurface moisture transport. However, gridding procedures can themse...

The article discusses the main physical and geographical factors, affecting runoff of spring floods in Arpa rivers catchment station Jermuk. Also development a methodology for long-term forecasting volume flood (WIV–VI) river Arpa, study used data water discharges (station Jermuk), air temperature, precipitation, reserve snow at meteostation A linear correlation was also revealed between values...

The water quality of rivers, lakes or reservoirs changes in both short and long term. For a given catchment with known pollution sources, different combinations of hydrologic and pollutants discharges scenarios may result in different impacts in the water quality. The objectives of the present work were to analyze the methodologies currently used for assessment of pollution impacts in lakes and...

A framework for short-term probabilistic forecasting of watershed flood stage conditions using a distributed rainfall-runoff model is proposed. A stochastic rainfall pattern simulation model capable of generating input for a distributed rainfall-runoff model is developed. Generation of rainfall patterns over a 6-hour period is achieved using a translation vector rainfall forecasting process mod...