Estrogens and androgens play a key role in regulating bone mass. However, their clinical use as bone anabolic agents is limited due to unwanted side effects, particularly in reproductive organs. In 2002, the synthetic ligand estren was described to reproduce the bone anabolic, nongenotropic effects of sex steroids while having no effect on the uterus or seminal vesicles. But in the current issu...

For the English language, decades of research have gone into the study of phonics, the systematic instruction of letter to sound connections in context, culminating in the National Reading Panel in 2000 that anchored phonics in the US elementary curriculum. It has affirmed that phonics is an important ingredient in standard teaching methodologies for English. No similar approach exists today in...

An efficient low-level word image representation plays a crucial role in general cursive word recognition. This paper proposes a novel representation scheme, where a word image can be represented as two sequences of feature vectors in two independent channels, which are extracted from vertical peak points on the upper external contour and at vertical minima on the lower external contour, respec...

The method given in [1] recognize abbreviations and their definitions in one text (refereed texts are not examined). The method iterates through each word sequentially in the text. For each word, the method check the word against a set of rules to tell if it is an abbreviation (section5). If it is an abbreviation, it is parsed into abbreviation pattern. Abbreviation pattern reveals the structur...

word formation and word selection in one hand’ are considered from higher processes a word aqualization which has a wide range application for language theorists and researchers in order to enrich language or in a better way in order to set free them from words. inadequacy challenge and also lach of the knowledge of the words in technology and industry fields aspecially in arabic and persian sp...