—Wood plays a major role in creating multiple invertebrate habitats in small streams and large rivers. In small streams, wood debris dams are instrumental in creating a step and pool profile of habitats, enhancing habitat heterogeneity, retaining organic matter, and changing current velocity. Beavers can convert sections of free-flowing streams into ponds and wetlands by killing trees and build...

construction of railway embankments on loose beds without using any methods of soil improvement (e.g. stone columns in silt and clay beds, deep soil mixing method, jet grouting and also using micropiles individually or in groups form) leads to  reduction of embankment slope gradient, which significantly increases the volume of soil operation. generally, micropile as a reinforcing element with t...

old list of publications is just not good enough when looking for a job or applying for grants. Candidates' publications are now subjected to microscopic scrutiny but unfortunately not for their scientific content. What is looked for is with whom you write papers and where these are finally published. Today, God would never get a research grant. One member of the committee would deny it on the ...

T wo is the fundamental number for genetics; all of us are the products of single zygotic events but the zygote is formed from two gametes, and two different sets of chromosomes make up our genomes. When I first learnt genetics, it was about diploids, and meiosis and the generation of haploid gametes was central to its understanding. Incidentally, lacking a classical education, I thought haplo ...