Introduction: Breast Cancer is the commonest female cancer worldwide. NCRP indicates rising trends of breast cancer in India. Need to understand breast cancer burden among women in the society from different socio-economic background. Objectives: a) Is there a difference in the pattern of breast cancer cases in different socio-economic status with reference to their area of residence.b) Demonst...

While the digital revolution has transformed the way many of us work and live, more than half the world’s population lives in rural areas that have been shut-out of the digital transformation. Low-income countries have yet to realize the benefits from the digital revolution; therefore, a need exists for innovative and alternative models to overcome the lack of access to knowledge and learning. ...

We use three conventional inequality indices—the Gini, the coefficient of variation of income, and the relative mean deviation of income—and the Atkinson index to examine the effect of income tax rates, the minimum wage, and all the major government welfare and transfer programs on the evolution of income inequality for rural and urban areas by state from 1981 to 1997. We find that these progra...

Why do the poor make shortsighted choices in decisions that involve delayed payoffs? Foregoing immediate rewards for larger, later rewards requires that decision makers (i) believe future payoffs will occur and (ii) are not forced to take the immediate reward out of financial need. Low-income individuals may be both less likely to believe future payoffs will occur and less able to forego immedi...

Understanding the ways in which socioeconomic status affects prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important for building up strategies eliminating the inequalities in cancer diagnosis and treatments among different groups, which, remains undetermined. In the present study, 1485 newly diagnosed HCC patients with complete demographic and clinical data were included. Socioeconomic data, ...

THE AGED as a group receive income from many sources. But the relative importance of the sources of money income varies greatly between the group with the highest, income and the middle-income and low-income groups. Nonbeneficiaries in the low-income groups are dependent on public assistance and veterans’ benefits for most of their income. Earnings from employment are the largest source of inco...

Present study aims at identifying the factors affecting buying decisions of rural consumers and whether importance of these factors varies with age and income of respondents. Study identified the eight factors i.e. price, quality, warranty, advertisement, brand, friends recommendations, family members recommendation and packaging which rural consumers consider while making purchase decisions. I...

Abstract Human activities are changing the quality of ecological spaces continually, and creating increasing imbalances in ecosystem services. Hence it is necessary to identify distribution equity spaces. In 2018, Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration was used as a test case analyze characteristics space (ESQ) among different demographic groups explore socioeconomic factors’ determining forces....

Since the introduction of private tubewells in rural Pakistan, farmers have increasingly used groundwater to supplement canal water for irrigation and improve the reliability of the water supply. Farmers obtain groundwater either from their own tubewells or from other well owners. This paper examines the effect of private tubewells on rural income, both in terms of income level and income distr...