abiotic stress are the main factors causing low growth and yield in crops. osmotic stress is an important stress and in case of salinity stress is presuming at the first step. there are different experimental and computational methods to study plant response to stress and lead to better understanding of mechanism involved in these conditions and improvement of plant tolerance to stress. upstrea...

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a key element in normal plant growth and development which may also be induced by various abiotic and biotic stress factors including salt stress. In the present study, morphological, biochemical, and physiological responses of the theoretically immortal unicellular freshwater green alga Micrasterias denticulata were examined after salt (200 mM NaCl or 200 mM KCl)...

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are a family of small highly hydrophilic proteins that accumulate at the onset of seed desiccation and in response to adverse conditions such as drought, salinity, low temperature, or water deficit. In previous studies, we demonstrated that ZmLEA3 could enhance the transgenic tobacco tolerance to osmotic and oxidative stresses. Here, we demonstrated th...

To explore the transcriptomic global response to osmotic stress in roots, 18 mRNA-seq libraries were generated from three triploid banana genotypes grown under mild osmotic stress (5% PEG) and control conditions. Illumina sequencing produced 568 million high quality reads, of which 70-84% were mapped to the banana diploid reference genome. Using different uni- and multivariate statistics, 92 ge...

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, external high osmolarity activates the HOG MAPK pathway, which controls various aspects of osmoregulation. MAPKKK Ssk2 is activated by Ssk1 in the SLN1 branch of the osmoregulatory HOG MAPK pathway under hyperosmotic stress. We observed that Ssk2 can be activated independent of Ssk1 upon osmotic shock by an unidentified mechanism. The domain for the Ssk1p-independen...

How do we estimate, from thermodynamic measurements, the number of water molecules adsorbed or released from biomolecules as a result of a biochemical process such as binding and allosteric effects? Volumetric and osmotic stress analyses are established methods for estimating water numbers; however, these techniques often yield conflicting results. In contrast, Kirkwood-Buff theory offers a nov...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapts to osmotic stress through the activation of a conserved high-osmolarity growth (HOG) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. Transmission through the HOG pathway is very well understood, yet other aspects of the cellular response to osmotic stress remain poorly understood, most notably regulation of actin organization. The actin cytoskeleton rapidly disas...

Based on experimental data from E. coli cultures, we have devised a mathematical model in the GMA-power law formalism that describes the central and L-carnitine metabolism in and between two steady states, non-osmotic and hyperosmotic (0.3 M NaCl). A key feature of this model is the introduction of type of kinetic order, the osmotic stress kinetic orders (g(OSn)), derived from the power law gen...

In China, Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl (Scrophulariaceae) has been cultivated for many years; however, the effects of drought on the content of secondary metabolites in Radix Scrophulariaceae are still unknown. The study investigated the medicinal components of S. ningpoensis including harpagoside, aucubin, catalpol, harpagide, and cinnamic acid in relation to drought stress. Three ecotypes o...