The troposphere is the region of the atmosphere characterized by low static stability, vigorous diabatic mixing, and widespread condensational heating in clouds. Previous research has argued that in the tropics, the upper bound on tropospheric mixing and clouds is constrained by the rapid decrease with height of the saturation water vapor pressure and hence radiative cooling by water vapor in c...

Si/Si1-xGex Heterostructured nanowires are grown by Reduced Pressure-Chemical Vapor Deposition (RP-CVD) using catalyst assisted Vapor Liquid Solid (VLS) and Vapor Solid Solid (VSS) method. We aim to obtain compositional (Si/Si1xGex) and/or doped (p-i-n) heterostructures with abrupt interfaces. The resulting NW heterostructures are structurally characterized using e.g. transmission electron micr...

Kusaka correctly points out that his Eqs. ~1! @Eq. ~39! in Ref. 1# and ~2! @Eq. ~43! in Ref. 2# are equivalent. Hence, the statement in Ref. 2 that Nishioka and Kusaka ‘‘arrived at a different expression for the work of embryo formation’’ is incorrect. Our misunderstanding stemmed from a failure to properly translate the notation of Ref. 1 into our own language. At the outset, however, we point...

net photosynthesis rate (pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (e) of anise hyssop were measured during the four cloudless days, in reference to diurnal fluctuations of leaf temperature (tleaf), leaf vapor pressure deficit (vpd leaf) and photosynthetic photon flux density (ppfd) in well watered (ww), stressed (s) and recovered (r) plants. an analysis of measured data showed that...

The optimum choice of filament material is very application dependent, and interactions of the gas with the cathode material must be carefully considered. Filaments, in both wire and ribbon shapes, are required to (1) supply a stable electron emission current with reasonable energy input and filament temperature, (2) have reduced chemical reactivity with the rarefied environment being measured,...

It was recently shown that vapor-liquid coexistence densities derived from Mie and Yukawa models collapse to define a single master curve when represented against the difference between the reduced second virial coefficient at the corresponding temperature and that at the critical point. In this work, we further test this proposal for another generalization of the Lennard-Jones pair potential. ...

The vapor pressures of the major congeners in commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures (Kanechlors; Kanebuchi Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) have been experimentally determined by Knudsen mass loss effusion. We obtained vapor pressures for the individual PCBs in the crystalline solid, liquid, and subcooled liquid forms as a function of temperature. We derived the thermodynamic param...

The relative drying rate of samples (RDR), which is the ratio of the drying rate of pretreated samples to that of untreated ones, might be used as a tool to investigate the damage to cells of agroproducts induced by high-pressure treatment. Damage to cells induced by high pressure was estimated by comparing the RDR after high-pressure pretreatment with the RDR after chloroform-vapor, heat, and ...