This paper is devoted to introduce an axiomatic model to distinguish what functions are suitable for measuring the degree of contradiction between two Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets. After stating the needed background, in section 2, we justify and present the axioms that a contradiction measure must satisfy, and the first examples are set out. After motivating the necessity of achieving...

Abstract We present a sufficient condition ensuring lower semicontinuity for nonlocal supremal functionals of the type "Equation missing"where $$\Omega $$ Ω is bounded open subset $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$ R N...

C. Akemann and G.K. Pedersen [Duke Math. J. 40 (1973), 785– 795.] defined three concepts of semicontinuity for self-adjoint elements of A∗∗, the enveloping von Neumann algebra of a C∗-algebra A. We give the basic properties of the analogous concepts for elements of pA∗∗p, where p is a closed projection in A∗∗. In other words, in place of affine functionals on Q, the quasi–state space of A, we c...

Let Λ be a complete metric space, and let {Sλ(·) : λ ∈ Λ} be a parametrised family of semigroups with global attractors Aλ. We assume that there exists a fixed bounded set D such that Aλ ⊂ D for every λ ∈ Λ. By viewing the attractors as the limit as t → ∞ of the sets Sλ(t)D, we give simple proofs of the equivalence of ‘equi-attraction’ to continuity (when this convergence is uniform in λ) and s...

We prove the existence of minimizers for Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) energy functionals with attractive two-body interactions given by Newtonian gravity. This class of HFB functionals serves as model problem for selfgravitating relativistic Fermi systems, which are found in neutron stars and white dwarfs. Furthermore, we derive some fundamental properties of HFB minimizers such as a decay est...

This paper extends basic results on arbitrage bounds and attainable claims to illiquid markets and general swap contracts where both claims and premiums may have multiple payout dates. Explicit consideration of swap contracts is essential in illiquid markets where the valuation of swaps cannot be reduced to the valuation of cumulative claims at maturity. We establish the existence of optimal tr...