Understanding leukemia heterogeneity is critical for the development of curative treatments as the failure to eliminate therapy-persistent leukemic stem cells (LSCs) may result in disease relapse. Here we have combined high-throughput immunophenotypic screens with large-scale single-cell gene expression analysis to define the heterogeneity within the LSC population in chronic phase chronic myel...

Archival studies on paraffin-embedded tumor samples are often complicated by difficulty obtaining a reliable diploid DNA standard. Nontumor cells, e.g., inflammatory and stromal cells, most often found interspersed among tumor cells, would represent a solution to this problem. Unfortunately, there is an inherent difficulty to positively identifying tumor cells in paraffin-embedded specimens. Us...

The linearized approximation to the semiclassical initial value representation (LSC-IVR) is used to calculate time correlation functions relevant to the incoherent dynamic structure factor for inelastic neutron scattering from liquid para-hydrogen at 14 K. Various time correlations functions were used which, if evaluated exactly, would give identical results, but they do not because the LSC-IVR...

We show that a single change in the derivation of the linearized semiclassical-initial value representation (LSC-IVR or "classical Wigner approximation") results in a classical dynamics which conserves the quantum Boltzmann distribution. We rederive the (standard) LSC-IVR approach by writing the (exact) quantum time-correlation function in terms of the normal modes of a free ring-polymer (i.e.,...

BACKGROUND Laser scanning cytometry (LSC) is a new technology similar to flow cytometry but generates data from analysis of successive microscopic fields. Unlike its use in other applications, LSC-generated data are not random when used for tissue sections, but are dependent on the microanatomy of the tissue and the distribution and expression of the protein under investigation. For valid LSC a...

This paper examines the usefulness of corpus-derived probabilistic grammars as a basis for the automatic construction of grammars optimised for a given parsing task. Initially, a probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG) is derived by a straightforward derivation technique from the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) Corpus, and a baseline is established by testing the resulting grammar on four different...

BACKGROUND Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common health problem. The lifetime risk of undergoing surgery for prolapse is 11%. POP significantly affects the effects on quality of life and activities of daily living. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) has been viewed as the gold standard treatment for women with POP who desire reconstructive surgery. However, LSC is associated with technical dif...

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by subpopulations of leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) that are defined by their ability to engraft in immunodeficient mice. Here we show an LSC DNA methylation signature, derived from xenografts and integration with gene expression that is comprised of 71 genes and identifies a key role for the HOXA cluster. Most of the genes are epigenetically regulate...

It is well-known that many environment-based abstract machines can be seen as strategies in lambda calculi with explicit substitutions (ES). Recently, graphical syntaxes and linear logic led to the linear substitution calculus (LSC), a new approach to ES that is halfway between big-step calculi and traditional calculi with ES. This paper studies the relationship between the LSC and environment-...

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease (MPD) initiated by p210-BCR-ABL-mediated transformation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Inhibition of the ABL kinase alone is not sufficient to eradicate leukemic stem cells (LSCs). We have previously shown that the deficiency of Rac2 GTPase signaling, but not Rac1, in p210-BCR-ABL-transduced hematopoietic cells prolo...