BACKGROUND Gonadotrophins are routinely administered in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment protocols. Recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH; follitropin alfa) and recombinant human luteinizing hormone (r-hLH; lutropin alfa) can be administered individually or in a fixed combination. The ability to vary the FSH to LH dose ratio in a single injection without comprom...

The unregulated use of antibiotics has emerged as a major driving force antibiotic resistance and public health hazard, particularly in developing countries. This necessitates to find out solution that benefits humans animals. Probiotics are one such alternative; they simply known beneficial bacteria exert living beings. Probiotic microorganisms crucial for the biotechnology food industries. Th...