The expressiveness of the C/C++ preprocessing facility enables the development of highly configurable source code. However, the usage of language constructs like macros also bears the potential of resulting in highly incomprehensible and unmaintainable code, which is due to the flexibility and the “cryptic” nature of the preprocessor language. This could be overcome if suitable analysis tools w...

In the paper, we analyze the L norm error estimate of lower order finite element methods for the fourth order problem. We prove that the best error estimate in the L norm of the finite element solution is of second order, which can not be improved generally. The main ingredients are the saturation condition established for these elements and an identity for the error in the energy norm of the f...

There is little doubt that the concept of social capital represents a useful tool for many social sciences. Nevertheless, its use in broad domains and in different disciplines could lead in weak and, sometimes, inaccurate theoretical propositions. We suggest here to pose two basic distinctions up to better focalize the analysis and its effects on the behavior both of actors (micro level) and of...

in the first phase of this research, adaptability of winter rapeseed (brassica napus l.) varieties were investigated to select high yielding rapeseed cultivars. accordingly, two field experiments were performed in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 cropping seasons at experimental field of agricultural and natural resources research center of markazi province, in arak, iran, in a randomized complete block...

For many years we have been concerned with the role that autopoietic theory can play in resolving what is often termed the micro-macro problem in social science. The ̳micro-to-macro problem‘ concerns our capacity to explain the relationship between the constitutive elements of social systems (people) and emergent phenomena resulting from their interaction (i.e. organizations, societies, economie...

Much of the analysis for clinical trials in the pharmaceutical industry is done with very large standard macros. The use of these macros facilitates the goal of standardizing and accelerating the production of clinical reports within a company. Each standard macro is typically specialized to analyze and report on a specific type of data such as efficacy, safety, drug interactions, or demographi...

This document describes Macro-FF, an adaptive planning system developed on top of FF version 2.3. The original FF is a fully automatic planner that uses a heuristic search approach. In addition, Macro-FF can automatically learn and use macro-actions with the goal of reducing the number of expanded nodes in the search. Macro-FF also includes implementation enhancements for reducing space and CPU...