The expressiveness of the C/C++ preprocessing facility enables the development of highly configurable source code. However, the usage of language constructs like macros also bears the potential of resulting in highly incomprehensible and unmaintainable code, which is due to the flexibility and the “cryptic” nature of the preprocessor language. This could be overcome if suitable analysis tools w...

Abstract Abandoned agricultural lands often accumulate soil carbon (C) following depletion of C by cultivation. The potential for this recovery to provide significant storage benefits depends on the rate accumulation, which, in turn, may depend nutrient supply rates. We tracked almost four decades intensive disturbance along an experimentally imposed gradient nitrogen (N) added annually combina...

The application of plant pest management techniques can affect agronomic character crops, because there are active ingredients that acts as biofertilizer and biostimulant. This study aims to obtain the best a result various ingredientson corn crops (Zea mays) variety Pioneer 36. research method used was an experimental method, with single-factor group randomize design, consisting 4 treatments 6...

In the present study, changes in benthic communities due to seasonal changes in the water of the southern Caspian Basin were investigated. Sampling was conducted monthly, from March 2006 to March 2007, at six selected stations in Tajan River mouth located on south eastern Caspian Sea. Also secondary benthic production consumable for fish and other biota inhabiting the mouth and adjacent areas w...

In this study, impacts of different element absence (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and magnesium) and supplementation (nitrogen and zinc) on element uptake and triacylglycerol production was followed in wild type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-124 strain. Macro- and microelement composition of C. reinhardtii greatly differed under element regimes studied. In particular, heavy metal quotas of the m...

Phosphorus is the second most important macro nutrient required by the plants for its optimum growth and yield. But it is considered to be a most limiting factor of many crop production systems, due to its unavailability of soluble forms in the soils. About 80% of applied P fertilizers are immobilized due to the formation of complex with Al or Fe in acidic soils or Ca in calcareous soils. An al...

Growth of the industrial sector, a result of population explosion has become the root cause of environmental deterioration and has raised the concerns for efficient wastewater management and reuse. Photoautotrophic cultivation of microorganisms is a boon and considered as a potential biological treatment for remediation of wastewater as it sequesters CO2 during growth. Photoautotrophs viz. cyan...

Fertilizer was applied annually for eight years to individual ramets in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed orchard at rates ranging from 0 to 448 kg nitrogen (N) ha(-1) year(-1). Clonal effects accounted for a major source of variation in both flowering and foliar nutrient concentrations. Foliar N concentrations were generally correlated with the intensity of fertilizer application, but were...

Macro and micro-elements, carbon sources and elicitors play a central role during Panax ginseng hairy root growth, biomass and ginsenoside production and also influence numerous root developmental stages in largescale bioreactor culture. Due to the lack of biosynthetic nutrients and signalling-inducing nutrients, the regulatory role of mineral elements is not well understood. We have geneticall...

Plants are valuable sources of a vast array of chemical compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, pigments, antimicrobials, pharmaceutical, etc. The majority of the compounds were produced by plants during different stages of cell, tissues and organ differentiation. Plant tissue culture is the process by which parts of plant can be grown in vitro condition in a sterile culture medium. The nutrient ...